The first authoritative survey of the history of common land in Great Britain from the medieval period to present day.

An examination of the treatment of common land in the work of English painters, at a time when much of it was to disappear forever. A most elegantly written book that calmly knocked many entrenched but erroneous notions about British landscape painting firmly on the head. Longlisted and commended by the judges of the 2013 William M. B. Berger prize forBritish art history. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, much of England's common land was eradicated by the processes of parliamentary enclosure. However, despite the fact that the landscape was frequentlyviewed as unproductive, outmoded and unsightly, many British landscape painters of the time - including Constable, Gainsborough and Turner - resolutely continued to depict it. This book is the first full study of how they did so, using evidence drawn not only from art-historical picture analysis, but from contemporary poems and novels, and the contemporary pamphlets, essays and reports that advanced the rhetoric of both agricultural improvement and new theories on landscape aesthetics. It highlights a deep-rooted social and cultural attachment to the common field landscape, and demonstrates that common land played a significant but - until now - underestimated role in both the history of English art and of the formation of an English national identity, reflecting what are still highly sensitive issues of progress, nostalgia and loss within the English countryside. Recasting common land as a recurrentfacet of English culture in the modern period, the numerous paintings, drawings and prints featured in this book give the reader a comprehensive and evocative sense of what this now almost wholly lost landscape looked like in itshey-day. Ian Waites is Senior Lecturer in History of Art and Design at the University of Lincoln.

This innovative and interdisciplinary book makes a major contribution to common pool resource studies. It offers a new perspective on the sustainable governance of common resources, grounded in contemporary and archival research on the common lands of England and Wales - an important common resource with multiple, and often conflicting, uses. It encompasses ecologically sensitive environments and landscapes, is an important agricultural resource and provides public access to the countryside for recreation. Contested Common Land brings together historical and contemporary legal scholarship to examine the environmental governance of common land from c.1600 to the present day. It uses four case studies to illustrate the challenges presented by the sustainable management of common property from an interdisciplinary perspective - from the Lake District, Yorkshire Dales, North Norfolk coast and the Cambrian Mountains. These demonstrate that cultural assumptions concerning the value of common land have changed across the centuries, with profound consequences for the law, land management, the legal expression of concepts of common 'property' rights and their exercise. The 'stakeholders' of today are the inheritors of this complex cultural legacy, and must negotiate diverse and sometimes conflicting objectives in their pursuit of a potentially unifying goal: a secure and sustainable future for the commons. The book also has considerable contemporary relevance, providing a timely contribution to discussion of strategies for the implementation of the Commons Act of 2006. The case studies position the new legislation in England and Wales within the wider context of institutional scholarship on the governance principles for successful common pool resource management, and the rejection of the 'tragedy of the commons'.

First published in 1966. The main object of the present work is to trace the process whereby the land of this country came into agricultural use under full individual control. That movement, as will be seen, is treated as continuous and as due in the main to the operation of large economic and, so to say, normal causes. While the rapidity and extent of inclosure varies from time to time, and while its kind undergoes certain changes, progress continues.

Common Land, Wine and the French Revolution demonstrates the centrality of the Revolution and its aftermath to the lives of country people through a detailed analysis of legislative attempts to privatize common land in southern France, and the socio-economic and agricultural ramifications of this privatization.

An important and challenging book comprehensively spanning across the establishment of power systems, Rich Crime, Poor Crime is a vital read for academics, professionals and those interested in the fields of history, sociology, criminology, and politics.

A major interpretation of British history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

The book is a response of the suggestions and opinions provided to me by the students on writing a text that could be beneficial for them and other readers. The book covers the period from the fifteenth century to the present (2014). It includes the development of Europe from mercantilism to a new imperialism, globalization and a neocolonial situation, and underdevelopment to the less developed countries in the southern hemisphere. It also justifies and revises important areas in the current (2009) syllabus, which had been left by other authors in writing history texts for the advanced level. Therefore, the book justifies some areas that are beyond the syllabus, but the questions do appear in examinations. The book is directed to be useful for A-level and college students, the teachers, and other readers who have an interest with history.

Focusing on the interaction of religion and politics, this is a comprehensive chronological survey of the political thought of post-Reformation Britain which examines the work of a wide range of thinkers.

An introduction to the main rights which private individuals or public bodies may have, or acquire, over rural land.