Establishing Scientific Classroom Discourse Communities: Multiple Voices of Teaching and Learning Research is designed to encourage discussion of issues surrounding the reform of classroom science discourse among teachers, teacher educators, and researchers. The contributors--some of the top educational researchers, linguists, and science educators in the world--represent a variety of perspectives pertaining to teaching, assessment, research, learning, and reform. As a whole the book explores the variety, complexity, and interconnectivity of issues associated with changing classroom learning communities and transforming science classroom discourse to be more representative of the discourse of scientific communities. The intent is to expand debate among educators regarding what constitutes exemplary scientific speaking, thinking, and acting. This book is unparalleled in discussing current reform issues from sociolinguistic and sociocultural perspectives. The need for a revised perspective on enduring science teaching and learning issues is established and a theoretical framework and methodology for interpreting the critique of classroom and science discourses is presented. To model and scaffold this ongoing debate, each chapter is followed by a "metalogue" in which the chapter authors and volume editors critique the issues traversed in the chapter by opening up the neatly argued issues. These "metalogues" challenge, extend, and deepen the arguments made. Central questions addressed include: *Why is a sociolinguistic interpretation essential in examining science education reform? *What are key similarities and differences between classroom and scientific communities? *How can the utility of common knowledge and existing classroom discourse be balanced toward alternative outcomes? *What curricular issues are associated with transforming classroom talk? *What other perspectives can assist in creating multiple access to science through redefining classroom discourse? Whether this volume improves readers' science teaching, assists their research, or helps them to better prepare tomorrow's science teachers, the goal is to engage them in considering the challenges faced by educators as they navigate the seas of reform and strive to improve science education for all.

The history of methods of observation illustrates a gradual development from lay observation to systematic scientific observation. Over the past centuries, observing scientists have learned to take advantage of various research tools. Just as natural scientists came to appreciate the aid of the microscope to observe very small objects and telescopes to observe very distant objects, we have come to see video technology as a tool for social scientists to observe phenomena that are too complex to be studied by the naked eye. The investigative potential of such video studies lies in the fact that complex phenomena and events captured on video are available for analysis that can focus ex-post facto on various aspects of the material under investigation. Video study is a complex methodological approach, which enables the employing of various strategies, methods or techniques for generating, collecting and analysing video data, i.e. audiovisual data grounded in rich situational contexts. The book is structured in three sections which comprise chapters that focus on a specific power of video technology in classroom research. The chapters in section I focus on the power of video to describe the dynamics of teaching and learning in the classroom. They present various video studies conducted in the past fifteen years that aimed to describe the practices of teaching. The chapters in section II focus on the use of video in investigating the effects of teaching on student learning. They present approaches that build on video studies in order to link data about classroom processes with data about learning outcomes. The chapters in section III discuss possibilities offered by the use of video in professional development of teachers. Contributors: Peter (Reggie) Bowman, Geraldine Blomberg, Hilda Borko, David Clarke, Inger Marie Dalehefte, Erin Marie Furtak, Constanze Herweg, Dana Hübelová, Jennifer Jacobs, Tomáš Janík, Marcela Janíková, Kirsti Klette, Eckhard Klieme, Petr Knecht, Mareike Kobarg, Karen Koellner, Milan Kubiatko, Peter Labudde, Cameron Mitchell, Petr Najvar, Veronika Najvarová, Christine Pauli, Manfred Prenzel, Kurt Reusser, Rolf Rimmele, Kathleen Roth, Katharina Schwindt, Simona Šebestová, Tina Seidel, Richard J. Shavelson, Kathleen Stürmer, Elke Sumfleth, Maik Walpuski

This book brings together selected papers from a conference focusing on Redesigning Pedagogy, organized by the Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice, National Institute of Education, Singapore. The papers are organised around seven key themes: Literacy Education, Relations of Power, Reflection, Meaning Making, Evaluation, and Mathematics and Science

The development of science literacy has the potential to have an enormous impact on real world outcomes. Specifically, developing science literacy may persuade individuals to act. We hope that this book will influence scientists, science journalists, sociologists, anthropologists, communication specialists, political leaders, media outlets, educational institutions, and individual science content consumers. The chapters in this book describe a definition of science literacy that draws on the emotional, cognitive, and social. The authors strive to help prepare individuals to read, write, and speak science in a continuously evolving information landscape. In order to meet these objectives, the chapters examine both qualitative and quantitative research. It is within these frameworks that we can begin to address science literacy in the 21st century.

This book examines visual data use with students (PK-16) as well as in pre-service in- service science teacher preparation. Each chapter includes discussion about the current state of the art with respect to science classroom application and utilization of the particular visual data targeted by the author(s), discussion and explanation about the targeted visual data as applied by the author in his/her classroom, use of visual data as a diagnostic tool, its use as an assessment tool, and discussion of implications for science teaching and/or science teacher preparation. Although the body of research and practice in this field is growing, there remains a gap in the literature about clearly explicating the use of visual data in the science classroom. A growing body of literature discusses what visual data are (although this topic is still viewed as being at the beginning of its development in educators’ thinking), and there are some scattered examples of studies exploring the use of visual data in science classrooms, although those studies have not necessarily clearly identified their foci as visual data, per se. As interest and attention has become more focused on visual data, a logical progression of questioning has been how visual data are actually applied in the science classroom, whether it be early elementary, college, or somewhere in between. Visual data applications of interest to the science education community include how it is identified, how it can be used with students and how students can generate it themselves, how it can be employed as a diagnostic tool in concept development, and how it can be utilized as an assessment tool. This book explores that, as well as a variety of pragmatic ways to help science educators more effectively utilize visual data and representations in their instruction.

We know little about diverse youths’ engagement in science outside of school, the form such engagement takes and its impact on science literacy development and identity as a potential insider to science. We need to know more about why, how, and for whom out-of-school settings make a difference.

The International Handbook of Science Education is a two volume edition pertaining to the most significant issues in science education. It is a follow-up to the first Handbook, published in 1998, which is seen as the most authoritative resource ever produced in science education. The chapters in this edition are reviews of research in science education and retain the strong international flavor of the project. It covers the diverse theories and methods that have been a foundation for science education and continue to characterize this field. Each section contains a lead chapter that provides an overview and synthesis of the field and related chapters that provide a narrower focus on research and current thinking on the key issues in that field. Leading researchers from around the world have participated as authors and consultants to produce a resource that is comprehensive, detailed and up to date. The chapters provide the most recent and advanced thinking in science education making the Handbook again the most authoritative resource in science education.

Higher education internationally is in a state of transition and transformation, leading to an increase in the level of participation, and a consequent increase in number of non traditional and underprepared students. The appearance of these students provides a particular challenge in the sciences where adequate grounding is crucial. One response to this challenge has been the provision of access, foundation or "second chance programmes" which operate on different models internationally. In South Africa, where the push for equity is strong in the wake of the apartheid era, programmes have generally been established at all tertiary institutions with some of the most successful of these programmes based at universities characterised by a high research output. Consequently in the last decade there has been a great deal of research into the effectiveness of these programmes both at a micro and macro level. Similar research in other countries exists, but is patchy and often based on small groups of students. This book provides valuable information on what research has to say about disadvantaged and under prepared science students and how they learn - what works and what does not work. It provides an examination of issues related to the programmes, their structure, student selection and adjustment. Issues such the learning of these students, their communicative ability and laboratory work come under the spotlight. Although examining the issue internationally, the book draws heavily on lessons from South Africa where there has been considerably experience of such programmes.

This volume brings together evidence-based approaches to interdisciplinary language arts and science instruction. Firmly grounded in the research showing cognitive parallels between the two subjects, and reflecting the many recommendations in recent years for using interdisciplinary instruction at the elementary level, its goal is to help teachers effectively use this kind of instruction in elementary classrooms. The book is organized around three themes: *Introduction to Interdisciplinary Science and Language Arts Instruction; *The Influence of Interdisciplinary Science and Language Arts Instruction on Children’s Learning; and *Research on Preparing Elementary Teachers to Use Interdisciplinary Science and Language Arts Instruction Each chapter summarizes the research on its focal topic. Examples of research applied to practice, and questions and prompts for discussion and reflection help readers apply what they are reading in their own classroom contexts. Teacher educators and prospective and practicing elementary teachers everywhere will benefit from this overview of current research and practice in interdisciplinary science and language arts instruction.