This volume covers macro- and micro-level issues involving health and health care concerns for women, and racial and ethnic minorities. The book includes an examination of health and health care issues of patients/providers of care especially those related to concerns for women and for racial and ethnic minorities in different countries.

Saheli HIV/AIDS Karyakarta Sangh es un colectivo de trabajadoras sexuales y una organización basada en la comunidad fundada en 1998 en Pune (Maharashtra, India), cuya misión es empoderar a mujeres de la prostitución mediante la colectivización. En agosto de 2012, 17 miembros de Saheli participaron en el taller Imagine Empowerment Workshop, diseñado para fortalecer a las mujeres en circunstancias vitales exigentes y así concebir y crear nuevas posibilidades para sus vidas, sus familias y sus comunidades a través de la participación. La investigación que aquí se presenta, pretende evaluar el impacto del Imagine Empowerment Workshop y del fortalecimiento de las trabajadoras sexuales de Saheli HIV/AIDS Karyakarta Sangh, prestando especial atención a las áreas de interés de este colectivo.

This report presents the first nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) against women in Trinidad and Tobago. The data come from the 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Women’s Health Survey (WHS)—a national, quantitative, cross-sectional survey of 1,079 women ages 15–64. The report finds that 30 percent of ever-partnered women experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime; and 6 percent in the 12 months prior to data collection. Seven percent of all respondents reported having been forced into sexual intercourse by a non-partner in their lifetime (1 percent in the last 12 months). Significant risk factors associated with IPV identified using Chi-square tests included: lower education (female and partner), cohabitation without marriage, rural residency, younger age, non-consensual marriage, having been pregnant, having experienced or witnessed violence in childhood, substance abuse by the partner and the partner being unemployed and having been in prior relationships. The report documents the negative consequences of IPV for women and their children, as well as the most common responses and coping mechanisms. One in three women who experienced IPV remained quiet about their experience and most survivors did not seek or receive assistance for their situation. Women most often sought help from their personal contacts (mostly their mothers) rather than police, social services or other entities adequately resourced to address IPV. Several factors precluded women from accessing help; these included fear, shame, and the normalcy associated with violence. Based on these findings, recommendations for policy and further research are presented.

This book aims to present key aspects of the prison-based bullying research which has taken place over the last few years. It is a field in which there has been considerably increased interest. One of the main features of this book is the recognition that much previous bullying research has been descriptive in nature, with little underlying theory to assist its development as an area of academic interest. In addressing this need this book will serve as an indispensable resource for students, academics and professionals with interests in this field. Chapters in the book address the following areas: need for innovation in prison bullying research, statistics on bullying, combining methods to research prison bullying, bullying behaviour among women in prison, bullying and suicides in prisons, developmental antecedents of prison bullies and/or victims, applying evolutionary theory to prison bullying, applying social problem solving models to prison bullying.