TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE.. 5 A MANUAL OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS. 7 INTRODUCTION.. 7 USE OF THE MICROSCOPE.. 7 CHAPTER I. 16 THE SPUTUM... 16 Preliminary Considerations. 16 I. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.. 17 II. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION.. 18 III. SPUTA IN DISEASE.. 43 CHAPTER II. 47 THE URINE.. 47 Preliminary Considerations.—... 47 I. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.. 49 II. CHEMIC EXAMINATION.. 59 III. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION.. 119 CHAPTER III. 173 THE BLOOD.. 173 Preliminary Considerations. 173 I. HEMOGLOBIN.. 176 II. ENUMERATION OF ERYTHROCYTES. 187 III. COLOR INDEX.. 195 IV. ENUMERATION OF LEUKOCYTES. 196 V. ENUMERATION OF BLOOD-PLAQUES. 206 VI. STUDY OF STAINED BLOOD.. 209 VII. BLOOD PARASITES. 233 VIII. SERUM REACTIONS. 250 IX. TESTS FOR RECOGNITION OF BLOOD.. 257 X. SPECIAL BLOOD PATHOLOGY.. 259 CHAPTER IV.. 275 THE STOMACH.. 275 I. EXAMINATION OF THE GASTRIC CONTENTS. 275 II. ADDITIONAL EXAMINATIONS WHICH GIVE INFORMATION AS TO THE CONDITION OF THE STOMACH.. 302 CHAPTER V.. 305 THE FECES. 305 I. MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION.. 306 II. CHEMIC EXAMINATION.. 309 III. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION.. 310 CHAPTER VI. 316 ANIMAL PARASITES. 316 I. PROTOZOA.. 316 II. VERMES. 321 III. ARTHROPODA.. 339 CHAPTER VII. 340 MISCELLANEOUS EXAMINATIONS. 340 PUS. 340 PERITONEAL, PLEURAL, AND PERICARDIAL FLUIDS. 346 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.. 350 ANIMAL INOCULATION.. 352 THE MOUTH.. 353 THE EYE.. 358 THE EAR.. 361 PARASITIC DISEASES OF THE SKIN.. 362 MILK.. 362 SYPHILITIC MATERIAL.. 367 SEMEN.. 370 APPENDIX.. 373 I. APPARATUS AND REAGENTS. 373 II. WEIGHTS, MEASURES, ETC., WITH EQUIVALENTS. 382 AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 384 APOTHECARIES' MEASURE.. 385 APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 386 TEMPERATURE.. 387 INDEX.. 389 ABOUT THE AUTHOR.. 437 PLATE I Scale of urinary colors, according to Vogel. PREFACE This book aims to present a clear and concise statement of the more important laboratory methods which have clinical value, and a brief guide to interpretation of results. It is designed for the student and practitioner, not for the trained laboratory worker. It had its origin some years ago in a short set of notes which the author dictated to his classes, and has gradually grown by the addition each year of such matter as the year's teaching suggested. The eagerness and care with which the students and some practitioners took these notes and used them convinced the writer of the need of a volume of this scope. The methods offered are practical; and as far as possible are those which require the least complicated apparatus and the least expenditure of time. Simplicity has been considered to be more essential than absolute accuracy. Although in many places the reader is given the choice of several methods to the same end, the author believes it better to learn one method well than to learn several only partially. More can be learned from a good picture than from any description, hence especial attention has been given to the illustrations, and it is hoped that they will serve truly to illustrate. Practically all the microscopic structures mentioned, all apparatus not in general use, and many of the color reactions are shown in the pictures. Although no credit is given in the text, the recent medical periodicals and the various standard works have been freely consulted. Among authors whose writings have been especially helpful may be mentioned v. Jaksch, Boston, Simon, Wood, Emerson, Purdy, Ogden, Ewald, Ehrlich and Lazarus, Da Costa, Cabot, Osler, Stengel, and McFarland. The author wishes hereby to express his indebtedness to Dr. J. A. Wilder, Professor of Pathology in the Denver and Gross College of Medicine, for aid in the final revision of the manuscript; and to W. D. Engel, Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry, for suggestions in regard to detection of drugs in the urine. He desires to acknowledge the care with which Mr. Ira D. Cassidy has made the original drawings, and also the uniform courtesy of W. B. Saunders Company during the preparation of the book.

This handbook describes the diagnostic process clearly and logically, aiding medical students and others who wish to improve their diagnostic performance and to learn more about the diagnostic process.

For centuries the "treatment" of mentally disturbed individuals was quite simple. They were accused of collusion with evil spirits, hunted, and persecuted. The last "witch" was killed as late as 1782 in Switzerland. Mentally disturbed people did not fare much better even when the witchhunting days were gone. John Christian Reil gave the following description of mental pa tients at the crossroads of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries: We incarcerate these miserable creatures as if they were criminals in abandoned jails, near to the lairs of owls in barren canyons beyond the city gates, or in damp dungeons of prisons, where never a pitying look of a humanitarian penetrates; and we let them, in chains, rot in their own excrement. Their fetters have eaten off the flesh of their bones, and their emaciated pale faces look expectantly toward the graves which will end their misery and cover up our shamefulness. (1803) The great reforms introduced by Philippe Pinel at Bicetre in 1793 augured the beginning of a new approach. Pinel ascribed the "sick role," and called for compas sion and help. One does not need to know much about those he wants to hurt, but one must know a lot in order to help. Pinel's reform was followed by a rapid develop ment in research of causes, symptoms, and remedies of mental disorders. There are two main prerequisites for planning a treatment strategy.

Genetic disorders have been the focus of scientists for a long time. The emergence of next-generation sequencing techniques has ushered a new era in genetics and several developments have occurred in human genetics. The scientific perspective has also been widened with omics technologies that allow researchers to analyze genetic sequences and their expression products. An integrated approach is being used not only for diagnosis but also for disease management and therapeutic purposes. This book highlights emerging areas of omics technology and its application in the diagnosis and management of human genetic disorders. The book covers three areas of research and implementation: 1) Diagnosis (covering conventional strategies to next-generation platforms). This section focuses on the role of in silico analysis, databases and multi-omics of single-cell which will help in designing better management strategies. 2) Disease Management and therapeutic interventions. This section starts with genetic counselling and progresses to more specific techniques such as pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, gene editing techniques and their applications in gene therapies and regenerative medicine. 3) Case studies. This section discusses the applications and success of all the above-mentioned strategies on selected human disorders. This book serves as a handy reference for students and academics studying advanced omics techniques in biochemistry and molecular genetics as part of courses in life sciences, pharmacology and medicine.

To interpret the laboratory results. To distinguish the normal from the abnormal and to understand the merits and demerits of the assays under study. The book attempts to train a laboratory medicine student to achievesound knowledge of analytical methods and quality control practices, tointerpret the laboratory results, to distinguish the normal from the abnormaland to understand the merits and demerits of the assays under study.

Case-based coverage of 80 must-know diseases and disorders Add the expertise of CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment to your exam review! For more than 70 years, professors, students, and clinicians have trusted LANGE for high-quality, current, concise medical information in a convenient, affordable, portable format. Whether for coursework, clerkships, USMLE prep, specialty board review, or patient care, there's a LANGE book that guarantees success. Derived from CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, the world's most popular annual medical book, this unique study guide delivers case analysis of 80 of the most common topics in internal medicine. It provides a comprehensive and well organized synopsis of each topic, making it an essential study partner for a variety of examinations, including the USMLE Step 2, medicine clerkship shelf exams, ABIM internal medicine boards and recertification exams, adult and family nurse practitioner certification examination, and physician assistant national certifying exam. For practitioners, this quick reference covers patient care for 80 of the clinical problems they are most likely to encounter in daily practice. Each topic covered in CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Study Guide is presented in a consistent, easy-to-read, in-depth manner that emphasizes problem solving. The topics were carefully selected based on their importance to the field of internal medicine and are designed to enhance your ability to think through a typical case in a logical, step-by-step fashion. Each topic includes a typical patient presentation and: Learning Objectives Salient Features Symptoms and Signs Differential Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology, and Procedural Findings Treatment Outcomes When to Refer and When to Admit PubMed references to the most current and pertinent MEDLINE articles There is no easier or faster way to sharpen your understanding of key concepts in clinical reasoning and problem solving, and to brush up on essential clinical facts than this one-of-a-kind case-based review. CASE-BASED COVERAGE THAT SPANS THE FULL SPECTRUM OF INTERNAL MEDICINE Skin Disorders Pulmonary/Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders Heart/Hypertension/Lipid Disorders Hematologic Disorders Gastrointestinal/Liver/Pancreas Disorders Gynecologic/Urologic Disorders Musculoskeletal Disorders Kidney/Electrolyte Disorders Nervous System/Psychiatric Disorders Endocrine/Metabolic Disorders Infectious Disorders

The ultimate guide to the evidence-based clinical encounter "This book is an excellent source of supported evidence that provides useful and clinically relevant information for the busy practitioner, student, resident, or educator who wants to hone skills of physical diagnosis. It provides a tool to improve patient care by using the history and physical examination items that have the most reliability and efficiency."--Annals of Internal Medicine "The evidence-based examination techniques put forth by Rational Clinical Examination is the sort that can be brought to bear on a daily basis – to save time, increase confidence in medical decisions, and help decrease unnecessary testing for conditions that do not require absolute diagnostic certainty. In the end, the whole of this book is greater than its parts and can serve as a worthy companion to a traditional manual of physical examination."--Baylor University Medical Center (BUMC)Proceedings 5 STAR DOODY'S REVIEW! "Physical diagnosis has been taught to every medical student but this evidence-based approach now shows us why, presenting one of medicine's most basic tenets in a new and challenging light. The format is extraordinary, taking previously published material and updating the pertinent evidence since the initial publication, affirming or questioning or refining the conclusions drawn from the data. "This is a book for everyone who has studied medicine and found themselves doubting what they have been taught over the years, not that they have been deluded, but that medical traditions have been unquestionably believed because there was no evidence to believe otherwise. The authors have uncovered the truth. "This extraordinary, one-of-a-kind book is a valuable addition to every medical library."--Doody's Review Service Completely updated with new literature analyses, here is a uniquely practical, clinically relevant approach to the use of evidence in the content of physical examination. Going far beyond the scope of traditional physical examination texts, this invaluable resource compiles and presents the evidence-based meanings of signs, symptoms, and results from physical examination maneuvers and other diagnostic studies. Page after page, you'll find a focus on actual clinical questions and presentations, making it an incomparably practical resource that you'll turn to again and again. Importantly, the high-yield content of The Rational Clinical Examination is significantly expanded and updated from the original JAMA articles, much of it published here for the first time. It all adds up to a definitive, ready-to-use clinical exam sourcebook that no student or clinician should be without. FEATURES Packed with updated, new, and previously unpublished information from the original JAMA articles Standardized template for every issue covered, including: Case Presentation; Why the Issue Is Clinically Important; Research and Statistical Methods Used to Find the Evidence Presented; The Sensitivity and Specificity of Each Key Result; Resolution of the Case Presentation; and the Clinical Bottom Line Completely updated with all-new literature searches and appraisals supplementing each chapter Full-color format with dynamic clinical illustrations and images Real-world focus on a specific clinical question in each chapter, reflecting the way clinicians approach the practice of evidence-based medicine More than 50 complete chapters on common and challenging clinical questions and patient presentations Also available: JAMAevidence.com, a new interactive database for the best practice of evidence based medicine

Clinical Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease is the latest edition of this comprehensive, highly illustrated guide to the diagnosis of different forms of congenital heart disease. The book is divided into four parts; the first section covers the basics of congenital heart disease, followed by sections on acyanotic lesions and cyanotic lesions, with each section covering an extensive range of defects and disorders. The final section provides information on foetal echocardiography and transcatheter interventions. This new edition features ‘notes’ which emphasise important points, and provides detailed information on the role of electrocardiography, radiography and echocardiography in diagnosis. Enhanced by 345 images and illustrations in full colour, Clinical Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease is an essential update for cardiologists. Key Points New edition of highly illustrated guide to diagnosis of congenital heart disease Previous edition published 2008 (9788184481617) Four sections cover basics, acynaotic lesions, cyanotic lesions, and miscellaneous topics 345 full colour images and illustrations

In the decade before he became the highly controversial director of psychedelic drug research at Harvard, Timothy Leary was one of the leading clinical psychologists practicing in the U.S., heading the prestigious Kaiser Foundation Psychological Research Center in Oakland. INTERPERSONAL DIAGNOSIS OF PERSONALITY (1957), his first full-length book, summarizes the innovative experimental studies in interpersonal behavior performed by the author and his associates at the Kaiser Foundation and in private practice between 1950 and 1957.