Argues that Aristotle's writings about the natural world contain a rhetorical surface as well as a philosophic core and shows that Aristotle's genuine views have not been refuted by modern science and still deserve serious attention.

Synthesizes Thomistic and Whiteheadian metaphysics.

Aristotle's Physics 1.4-9 explores a range of questions about the basic structure of reality, the nature of prime matter, the principles of change, the relation between form and matter, and the issue of whether things can come into being out of nothing, and if so, in what sense that is true. Philoponus' commentaries do not merely report and explain Aristotle and the other thinkers whom Aristotle is discussing. They are also the philosophical work of an independent thinker in the Neoplatonic tradition. Philoponus has his own, occasionally idiosyncratic, views on a number of important issues, and he sometimes disagrees with other teachers whose views he has encountered perhaps in written texts and in oral delivery. A number of distinctive passages of philosophical importance occur in this part of Book 1, in which we see Philoponus at work on issues in physics and cosmology, as well as logic and metaphysics. This volume contains an English translation of Philoponus' commentary, as well as a detailed introduction, commentary notes and a bibliography.

Until the launch of this series over fifteen years ago, the 15,000 volumes of the ancient Greek commentators on Aristotle, written mainly between 200 and 600 AD, constituted the largest corpus of extant Greek philosophical writings not translated into English or other European languages. In this, the first half of Philoponus' analysis of book one of Aristotle's Physics, the principal themes are metaphysical. Aristotle's opening chapter in the Physics is an abstract reflection on methodology for the investigation of nature, or 'physics'. Aristotle suggests that one must proceed from things that are familiar but vague, and derive more precise but less obvious principles to constitute genuine knowledge. His controversial claim that this is to progress from the universal to the more particular occasions extensive apologetic exegesis, typical of Philoponus' meticulous and somewhat pedantic method. Philoponus explains away the apparent conflict between the 'didactic method' (unavoidable in physics) and the strict demonstrative method described in the Analytics. After 20 pages on Chapter 1, Philoponus devotes the remaining 66 pages to Aristotle's objections to two major Presocratic thinkers, Parmenides and Melissus. Aristotle included these thinkers as an aside, because they were not engaged in physics, but in questioning the very basis of physics. Philoponus investigates Aristotle's claims about the relation between a science and its axioms, explores alternative ways of formalising Aristotle's refutation of Eleatic monism and provides a sustained critique of Aristotle's analysis of the Eleatics' purported mistakes about unity and being.

Would you like to wake up in the morning filled with happiness, enthusiasm and an abundance of life-energy? Would you like to know how you can focus this inner energy in such a way that your dreams can make the journey from being just an idea to becoming actual manifestation in your present life? Would you like to learn how to tune into, and trust, your Soul’s guidance? If you answer yes to any of these questions, then this book is for you, as it will show you how you can make your dreams come true - by supercharging them with life-energy – and then focus this energy in such a way that you are able to bring your Soul’s dreams into being. In this way you start to create your most amazing life ever – a life where you know how to tune into the wisdom from your Soul, allowing it to guide you on the path your Soul wants you to take.

What is knowledge? Where does it come from? What kinds of knowledge are there? Can we know anything at all? This lucid and engaging introduction grapples with these central questions in the theory of knowledge, offering a clear, non-partisan view of the main themes of epistemology. Both traditional issues and contemporary ideas are discussed in sixteen easily digestible chapters, each of which conclude with a useful summary of the main ideas discussed, study questions, annotated further reading and a guide to internet resources. Each chapter also features text boxes providing bite-sized summaries of key concepts and major philosophers, and clear and interesting examples are used throughout. The book concludes with an annotated guide to general introductions to epistemology, a glossary of key terms, and a summary of the main examples used in epistemology, This an ideal first textbook in the theory of knowledge for undergraduates coming to philosophy for the first time. The third edition has been revised and updated throughout and features two new chapters, on religious knowledge and scientific knowledge, as part of a whole new section on what kinds of knowledge there are. In addition, the text as a whole has been refreshed to keep it up to date with current developments.

The eleventh-century philosopher and physician Abu Ali ibn Sina (d. A.D. 1037) was known in the West by his Latinized name Avicenna. An analysis of the sources and evolution of Avicenna's metaphysics, this book focuses on the answers he and his predecessors gave to two fundamental pairs of questions: what is the soul and how does it cause the body; and what is God and how does He cause the world? To respond to these challenges, Avicenna invented new concepts and distinctions and reinterpreted old ones. The author concludes that Avicenna's innovations are a turning point in the history of metaphysics. Avicenna's metaphysics is the culmination of a period of synthesis during which philosophers fused together a Neoplatonic project (reconciling Plato with Aristotle) with a Peripatetic project (reconciling Aristotle with himself). Avicenna also stands at the beginning of a period during which philosophers sought to integrate the Arabic version of the earlier synthesis with Islamic doctrinal theology (kalam). Avicenna's metaphysics significantly influenced European scholastic thought, but it had an even more profound impact on Islamic intellectual history—the philosophical problems and opportunities associated with the Avicennian synthesis continued to be debated up to the end of the nineteenth century.

Yale Classics (Vol. 1) marks an unprecedented assemblage of the luminaries of Ancient Greek literature, philosophy, and historiography, presenting a rich tapestry of the intellectual and creative brilliance that has shaped not only Western literature but also the very foundation of Western thought. This collection spans a breathtaking range of genresfrom the philosophical dialogues of Plato and Aristotle to the epic poetry of Homer, the tragic dramas of Sophocles and Euripides, and the historical narratives of Herodotus and Thucydides. Each work is a testament to the diversity and depth of ancient Greek literary and philosophical tradition, offering readers a glimpse into the myriad ways the ancients grappled with themes of power, morality, fate, and virtue. Noteworthy are the poetic fragments of Sappho and Anacreon, which provide a rare insight into the lyrical expressions of personal emotion, influencing countless generations thereafter. The contributing authors and editors, revered not only for their foundational roles in literature and philosophy but also for their profound impact on the development of Western cultural and intellectual history, emerge from varied backgrounds but share a common heritage of profound insight into the complexity of the human condition and the world. Their collective works represent the confluence of literary genius and philosophical inquiry that defines the Classical era, engaging with themes of heroism, governance, ethics, and aesthetics. This anthology aligns with and celebrates significant historical and cultural movements, encapsulating the essence of the Classical period in a way that no single author could. Culminating in an invitation to modern readers, Yale Classics (Vol. 1) offers an unparalleled opportunity to engage with the seminal works that have not only laid the groundwork for Western thought but continue to challenge and inspire. It beckons to those eager to explore the roots of contemporary culture, ethics, and politics through the lens of ancient wisdom. As such, this volume is an indispensable resource for students, scholars, and anyone with an interest in the endurance of classical themes in modern times, providing a unique dialogue between epochs and glittering testimony to the enduring legacy of Ancient Greek civilization.

Ancient Greek literature has a profound impact on western literature at large. In particular, many ancient Roman authors drew inspiration from their Greek predecessors. Ever since the Renaissance, European authors in general, including Dante Alighieri, William Shakespeare, John Milton, and James Joyce, have all drawn heavily on classical themes and motifs. Even today authors are fascinated with Greek literature, and still great works of literature are based on ancient myths and plays. The readers can still relate to these works of art and learn from them, even though written two millennials ago. This collection is based on the required reading list of Yale Department of Classics. Originally designed for students, this anthology is meant for everyone wanting to know more about history and literature of this period, interested in poetry, philosophy and drama of Antient Greece.

DigiCat presents the greatest works of ancient Greek literature. The selection of books is based on Yale Department of Classics required reading list. Originally designed for students, this exceptional collection will benefit greatly everyone curious about the history, language, and literary and material culture of ancient Greece. Ancient Greek literature has had a profound impact on western literature at large. In particular, many ancient Roman authors drew inspiration from their Greek predecessors. Ever since the Renaissance, European authors in general, including Dante Alighieri, William Shakespeare, John Milton, and James Joyce, have all drawn heavily on classical themes and motifs. This collection is a compound of ancient Greek wisdom, presenting all the major works of every genre of Greek literature. Ultimately, it will train you to develop powers of critical analysis by studying the important periods and major authors of Greek literature. By studying the art, history, and cultures of the ancient world you will gain the power to illuminate problems confronting contemporary society. Homer: Introduction Iliad Odyssey Homeric Hymns Hesiod: Introduction Works and Days Theogony Greek Lyric Poetry: Archilochus Alcaeus Sappho Alcman Anacreon Theognis of Megara Simonides of Ceos Bacchylides Pindar The Oresteia (Aeschylus): The Life and Work of Aeschylus Agamemnon The Choephori (The Libation-Bearers) Eumenides The Tragedies of Sophocles: The Life and Work of Sophocles Ajax Antigone Oedipus at Colonus The Tragedies of Euripides: The Life and Work of Euripides Medea Hippolytus Bacchae The Comedies of Aristophanes: The Life and Work of Aristophanes Frogs Birds Lysistrata Herodotus: The Life and Work of Herodotus The Histories Thucydides: The Life and Work of Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War Plato: The Life and Work of Plato Republic The Apology of Socrates (Plato) Symposium (Plato) Phaedo (Plato) Aristotle: The Life and Work of Aristotle Poetics Politics Nicomachean Ethics The Orations of Lysias The Philippics (Demosthenes) Argonautica (Apollonius) Hymns of Callimachus The Idylls of Theocritus The Rise and Fall of Greek Supremasy (Plutarch): The Life and Work of Plutarch Biographies: Theseus Solon Themistocles Aristides Cimon Pericles Nicias Alcibiades Phocion Demosthenes Epictetus: The Enchiridion