This multi-volume handbook is the most up-to-date and comprehensive reference work in the field of fractional calculus and its numerous applications. This second volume collects authoritative chapters covering the mathematical theory of fractional calculus, including ordinary and partial differential equations of fractional order, inverse problems, and evolution equations.

Computational Techniques for Differential Equations

The numerical analysis of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) differs significantly from that of ordinary differential equations. This book provides an easily accessible introduction to SDEs, their applications and the numerical methods to solve such equations. From the reviews: "The authors draw upon their own research and experiences in obviously many disciplines... considerable time has obviously been spent writing this in the simplest language possible." --ZAMP

The editor has incorporated contributions from a diverse group of leading researchers in the field of differential equations. This book aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge in the field of differential equations. The main subject areas are divided into general theory and applications. These include fixed point approach to solution existence of differential equations, existence theory of differential equations of arbitrary order, topological methods in the theory of ordinary differential equations, impulsive fractional differential equations with finite delay and integral boundary conditions, an extension of Massera's theorem for n-dimensional stochastic differential equations, phase portraits of cubic dynamic systems in a Poincare circle, differential equations arising from the three-variable Hermite polynomials and computation of their zeros and reproducing kernel method for differential equations. Applications include local discontinuous Galerkin method for nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau equation, general function method in transport boundary value problems of theory of elasticity and solution of nonlinear partial differential equations by new Laplace variational iteration method. Existence/uniqueness theory of differential equations is presented in this book with applications that will be of benefit to mathematicians, applied mathematicians and researchers in the field. The book is written primarily for those who have some knowledge of differential equations and mathematical analysis. The authors of each section bring a strong emphasis on theoretical foundations to the book.

This book analyzes the various semi-analytical and analytical methods for finding approximate and exact solutions of fractional order partial differential equations. It explores approximate and exact solutions obtained by various analytical methods for fractional order partial differential equations arising in physical models.

Advances in computer technology have conveniently coincided withtrends in numerical analysis toward increased complexity ofcomputational algorithms based on finite difference methods. It isno longer feasible to perform stability investigation of thesemethods manually--and no longer necessary. As this book shows,modern computer algebra tools can be combined with methods fromnumerical analysis to generate programs that will do the jobautomatically. Comprehensive, timely, and accessible--this is the definitivereference on the application of computerized symbolic manipulationsfor analyzing the stability of a wide range of difference schemes.In particular, it deals with those schemes that are used to solvecomplex physical problems in areas such as gas dynamics, heat andmass transfer, catastrophe theory, elasticity, shallow watertheory, and more. Introducing many new applications, methods, and concepts,Computer-Aided Analysis of Difference Schemes for PartialDifferential Equations * Shows how computational algebra expedites the task of stabilityanalysis--whatever the approach to stability investigation * Covers ten different approaches for each stability method * Deals with the specific characteristics of each method and itsapplication to problems commonly encountered by numerical modelers * Describes all basic mathematical formulas that are necessary toimplement each algorithm * Provides each formula in several global algebraic symboliclanguages, such as MAPLE, MATHEMATICA, and REDUCE * Includes numerous illustrations and thought-provoking examplesthroughout the text For mathematicians, physicists, and engineers, as well as forpostgraduate students, and for anyone involved with numericsolutions for real-world physical problems, this book provides avaluable resource, a helpful guide, and a head start ondevelopments for the twenty-first century.

In this text, the authors develop a multitheoretical model that relates different social science theories with different network properties. This model is multilevel, providing a network decomposition that applies the various social theories to all network levels.

This book offers a radical new theoretical approach for the understanding of communication. The theory is operationalized by the application of certain computer programs, namely Soft Computing programs like cellular automata and artificial neural nets. In many examples the authors demonstrate how it is possible to model and analyze communicative processes, such as social combined with cognitive ones.