By comparing the autonomy, control and internal management of public organizations, this book show how New Public Management doctrines work out in three small European states with different politico-administrative regimes. Using survey data on 226 state agencies, hypotheses drawing on organization theory and neo-institutional schools are tested.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the theoretical and experimental studies of atomic optical bistability and multistability, and their dynamical properties in systems with two- and three-level inhomogeneously-broadened atoms inside an optical cavity. By making use of the modified linear absorption and dispersion, as well as the greatly enhanced nonlinearity in the three-level electromagnetically induced transparency system, the optical bistablity and efficient all-optical switching can be achieved at relatively low laser powers, which can be well controlled and manipulated. Until now, the rapid rate of progress in applications of multilevel systems in cross-disciplinary field has made it difficult to newcomers to the field to obtain a broad overview of this topic. This monograph will serve the purpose.

STATE FEEDBACK CONTROL AND KALMAN FILTERING WITH MATLAB/SIMULINK TUTORIALS Discover the control engineering skills for state space control system design, simulation, and implementation State space control system design is one of the core courses covered in engineering programs around the world. Applications of control engineering include things like autonomous vehicles, renewable energy, unmanned aerial vehicles, electrical machine control, and robotics, and as a result the field may be considered cutting-edge. The majority of textbooks on the subject, however, lack the key link between the theory and the applications of design methodology. State Feedback Control and Kalman Filtering with MATLAB/Simulink Tutorials provides a unique perspective by linking state space control systems to engineering applications. The book comprehensively delivers introductory topics in state space control systems through to advanced topics like sensor fusion and repetitive control systems. More, it explores beyond traditional approaches in state space control by having a heavy focus on important issues associated with control systems like disturbance rejection, reference tracking, control signal constraint, sensor fusion and more. The text sequentially presents continuous-time and discrete-time state space control systems, Kalman filter and its applications in sensor fusion. State Feedback Control and Kalman Filtering with MATLAB/Simulink Tutorials readers will also find: MATLAB and Simulink tutorials in a step-by-step manner that enable the reader to master the control engineering skills for state space control system design and Kalman filter, simulation, and implementation An accompanying website that includes MATLAB code High-end illustrations and tables throughout the text to illustrate important points Written by experts in the field of process control and state space control systems State Feedback Control and Kalman Filtering with MATLAB/Simulink Tutorials is an ideal resource for students from advanced undergraduate students to postgraduates, as well as industrial researchers and engineers in electrical, mechanical, chemical, and aerospace engineering.

Event-based control is a means to restrict the feedback in control loops to event time instants that are determined by a well-defined triggering mechanism. The aim of this control strategy is to adapt the communication over the feedback link to the system behavior. In this thesis, a state-feedback approach to event-based control is extended to systems that are composed of physically interconnected subsystems. The main concern of this thesis is disturbance rejection in interconnected systems, which is supposed to be best accomplished by a continuous state feedback. This consideration leads to the idea that the event-based state-feedback system should approximate the disturbance rejection behavior of a continuous state-feedback system with adjustable precision. Various methods for the event-based control of physically interconnected systems are investigated. In particular, decentralized, distributed and centralized state feedback is studied, which differ with respect to the effort for the communication between the components of the event-based controller over the communication network. The main results concern the design and analysis of event-based state-feedback control methods for physically interconnected systems. For all approaches the disturbance behavior of a continuous state-feedback system is shown to be approximated with adjustable accuracy by the event-based state-feedback system. The novel event-based control methods are tested and evaluated in experiments on a continuous flow process implemented on a large-scale pilot plant.