"Essentials in Ophthalmology" is a new review series covering all of ophthalmology categorized in eight subspecialties. It will be published quarterly, thus each subspecialty will be reviewed biannually. Given the multiplicity of medical publications already available, why is a new series needed? Consider that the half-life of medical knowledge is estimated to be around 5 years. Moreover, it can be as long as 8 years between the first description of a medical innovation in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and publication in a medical textbook. A series that narrows this time span between journal and textbook would provide a more rapid and efficient transfer of medical knowledge into clinical practice, and enhance care of our patients.

Cornea, edited by Drs. Krachmer, Mannis & Holland, is the only truly comprehensive clinical reference available that covers external disease, anterior uveitis, and the expanding range of contemporary corneal surgery. In this Third Edition, state-of-the-art coverage, 25 brand-new chapters, and 45 new videos provide expert guidance on performing femtosecond-assisted penetrating keratoplasty, DSAEK, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and many other cutting-edge techniques. Plus, you’ll have easy access to the complete contents and illustrations online at expertconsult. Overcome any clinical challenge related to the cornea, external disease, anterior uveitis, and the expanding range of contemporary corneal surgery with the most complete, authoritative guidance source available. Get superb visual guidance with exceptionally clear illustrations, diagnostic images, and step-by-step surgical photographs. Access the complete contents and illustrations online at expertconsult. Make optimal use of Anterior Segment OCT to plan and choose treatment options and assess post-operative recovery. Master the latest surgical techniques—including femtosecond-assisted penetrating keratoplasty, DSAEK, and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty—thanks to 25 brand-new chapters and 45 new videos on DVD (a total of 3 hours running time). Understand the full spectrum of corneal diseases with coverage of the new corneal dystrophy classification that incoporates current genetic, clinical, and pathologic information.

The only reference available that synthesizes this vast subspecialty into a single trustworthy resource, Cornea, 5th Edition, provides state-of-the-art coverage of the expanding range of contemporary corneal surgery, new diagnostic and imaging technologies, and medical management of corneal and external disease as well as ocular surface disease. Drs. Mark J. Mannis, Edward J. Holland, and a team of more than 200 global experts keep you up to date with both common and more obscure diseases and disorders and the best route to effective treatment and management, making this two-volume text a must-have resource for residents and fellows, general ophthalmologists, and seasoned cornea specialists. - Features more than 2,300 exceptionally clear illustrations, diagnostic images, and step-by-step surgical photographs that offer superb visual guidance. - Contains 14 new chapters, including Nanothin DSAEK, Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye Syndrome, Evaluation of Recurrent Corneal Erosions, Evaluation of the Corneal Ulcer, Contemporary Approaches to the Biosynthetic Cornea, and Topography Guided Photorefractive Keratectomy, and more. - Includes more than 80 video clips of current corneal surgery techniques, including new clips of the application of cryopreserved amniotic membrane in the treatment of acute stevens , penetrating keratoplasty, DM rupture management in STALK and in the keratonconus patient, and KAMRA corneal inlay implantation. - Covers the latest developments in ocular surface transplantation, including new chapters on Conjunctival Limbal Autograft (CLAU); Living Related Conjunctival Limbal Allograft (Lr-CLAL); Keratolimbal Allograft; Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Transplantation; Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation; and Outcomes of Ocular Surface Transplantation. - Provides key point overviews in each chapter that offer easier access to crucial information.

When I compiled first edition of this iNotes Manual in 2014, It was simple collection of few notes (very much incomplete!) which I prepared for my Post-graduate Ophthalmology Exams at AIIMS, New Delhi. Since then I am regularly receiving emails and messages regarding usefulness of these notes as a study material for Post-graduate students all across the world. For last few years, I am getting emails asking that if I am going to bring any updated version of my iNotes as ophthalmology has advanced a lot in last 10 years. Hence from last one year I have started reading newer edition of books, recent question papers, gathered notes and presenting to you as completely new version as iNotes 2020. In this edition of iNotes, I have tried to include clinical, practical and surgical tips which is going to be used in your future practice also so that this manual can be a handy book for you as a future reference too. Also Remember, this is a “Manual” and not a “Complete Book”, and Just like most of others, it is also far from Complete. One of the best way to utilise this for your exam preparation is to use this as a reference and make your personal manual by adding your own notes and topics asked in your university.

Preface During the past two decades, a significant international research exchange has taken place in order to understand the pathobiology of corneal diseases, and to develop more sophisticated treatments. For this purpose, many Japanese cornea specialists have been abroad to the United States, the United Kingdom, etc., to perform collaborative works in basic and clinical cornea research. As a result, many original concepts and thoughts have been produced from Japan, and some of them are now accepted world wide. Further to promote the international exchange of current knowledge and research on corneas in both health and disease, the First Annual Meeting of the Kyoto Cornea Club was held in Kyoto City on December I and 2, 1995. The goal of this meeting was to provide each speaker's updated knowledge that would be of value to all active corneal researchers who are interested in 'state-of-the-art' information from Japan. To achieve this objective fully, 41 selected Japanese cornea specialists registered as active participants in this meeting. James D. Zieske, PhD, from Schepens Eye Research Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, and Tadatsugu Taniguchi, PhD, from the Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo University, Japan, participated as special guests at this meeting, and both gave plenary lectures. This volume was created to provide each speaker's current opinions on the subjects they presented at this meeting, and also to provide a scientific reference for cornea research. We hope that the first issue will serve as a useful source of current knowledge and insight on Japanese cornea research. We wish to thank all those whose administrative help and/or assistance has made this issue possible; Takakazu Morita of Santen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Machiko Tsujino of PMSI Japan, Ltd., and Kugler Publications. Shigeru Kinoshita and Yuichi Ohashi

This comprehensive volume presents data describing the role of oxidative stress in anterior eye disease. The content is divided into three logical parts: basic science of the cornea, basic science of the lens, and clinical practices. The first two parts include eighteen chapters that discuss topics ranging from oxidative stress and dry eye disease, endogenous protection of corneal cells against oxidative damage, the therapeutic potential of corneal stem cells, etiology of cataracts and preventive measures, corneal degeneration through oxidative stress and cataract formation, and function and dysregulation of ion channels and transporters in the ocular lens, among others. The concluding part is comprised of four chapters devoted to advancements in corneal surgery, cataract and diabetic retinopathy, the clinical treatment of cataracts including traumatic cataracts, and cataracts in the pediatric age group. Studies on the Cornea and Lens is an essential addition to the library or department of physicians and researchers who treat or research these ocular conditions, particularly cataracts. It is also a key resource for cell biologists studying oxidative stress. ​This book is an authoritative contribution to Springer’s Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice series.

The atlas of the Light and Specular Microscopy of the Cornea, particularly of the corneal endothelium presents photographs of healthy and pathological corneas, as well as corneas prepared for grafting. Photographs are taken from donor or patient’s corneas. The first part section of the atlas shows healthy corneas and its particular layers: the epithelium (superficial and basal cells, subepithelial nerve plexus), stroma and keratocytes, and the endothelium. Blood vessels or palisades of Vogt in limbus are shown as well. The second part section that shows corneas processed for grafting is focused focuses on the endothelial layer. Main causes of exclusion of corneas from grafting, such as the presence of dead cells, polymeghatism, pleomorphism, cornea guttata or stromal scars have been shown. The third part section of the atlas shows corneas before and after storage in tissue cultures or hypothermic conditions with the aim to assess its suitability of for tissue for grafting. The last final section contains photographs of pathological corneal explants

Inflammation and angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, are involved in tumor growth, ocular diseases and wound healing. In ocular angiogenesis, new pathological vessels grow into a specific eye tissue, leak fluid, and disrupt vision. The development of safe and effective therapies for ocular angiogenesis is of great importance for preventing blindness, given that current treatments have limited efficacy or are associated with undesirable side effects. The search for alternative treatment targets requires a deeper understanding of inflammation and how it can lead to angiogenesis in the eye in pathologic situations. This thesis provides new insights into the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis, particularly at the gene expression and phenotypic levels, in different situations characterized by angiogenesis of the cornea, often called corneal neovascularization. For instance, specific genes and pathways are either endogenously activated or suppressed during active inflammation, wound healing, and during resolution of inflammation and angiogenesis, serving as potential targets to modulate the inflammatory and angiogenic response. In addition, as part of the healing response to restore corneal transparency, inflammation and angiogenesis subside with time in the cornea. In this context, LXR/RXR signaling was found to be activated in a time-dependent manner, to potentially regulate resolution of inflammation and angiogenesis. During regression of new angiogenic capillaries, ghost vessels and empty basement membrane sleeves are formed, which can persist in the cornea for a long time. Here, ghost vessels were found to facilitate subsequent revascularization of the cornea, while empty basement membrane sleeves did not revascularize. The revascularization response observed here was characterised by vasodilation, increased inflammatory cell infiltration and by sprouting at the front of the reperfused vessels. Importantly, reactive oxygen species and nitrous oxide signaling among other pro-inflammatory pathways were activated, and at the same time anti-inflammatory LXR/RXR signaling was inhibited. The interplay between activation and inhibition of these pathways highlights potential mechanisms that regulate corneal revascularization. When treating corneal neovascularization clinically, corticosteroids are in widespread use due to their effectiveness. To minimize the many undesirable side effects associated with corticosteroid use, however, identifying new and more selective agents is of great importance. Here, it was observed that corticosteroids not only suppressed pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, but also activated the classical complement pathway. Classical complement may represent a candidate for further selective therapeutic manipulation to investigate its effect on treatment of corneal neovascularization. In summary, this thesis identifies genes, pathways, and phenotypic responses involved in sprouting and remodeling of corneal capillaries, highlights novel pathways and factors that may regulate inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea, and provides insights into regulation of capillary regression and reactivation. Further investigation of these regulatory mechanisms may offer alternative and effective treatment targets for the treatment of corneal inflammation and angiogenesis.

Ocular Surface Disease: Cornea, Conjunctiva and Tear Film incorporates current research and the latest management strategies as well as classification systems and treatment paradigms for all forms of ocular surface disease. This is the first comprehensive resource that helps you to meet ocular surface disease challenges effectively using today's best medical and surgical approaches. Get the complete, evidence-based guidance you need to provide optimal care for your patients with ocular surface disease. Implement the latest drug treatments and surgical interventions to provide better outcomes with fewer complications. Hone and expand your surgical skills by watching videos of leading experts performing advanced procedures including ocular surface transplantation techniques; amniotic membrane transplantation; pterygium surgery; lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in ocular surface disease; and keratoprosthesis surgery. Visualize how to proceed by reviewing detailed, full-color images and consulting new classification systems and treatment paradigms for mild to severe forms of ocular surface disease. Take it with you anywhere! Access the full text, downloadable image library, video clips, and more online at expertconsult.com.