This book shows how a small toolbox of experimental techniques, physical chemistry concepts as well as quantum/classical mechanics and statistical methods can be used to understand, explain and even predict extraordinary applications of these advanced engineering materials and biomolecules. It highlights how improving the material foresight by design, including the fundamental understanding of their physical and chemical properties, can provide new technological levels in the future.

Optimization methodologies are fundamental instruments to tackle the complexity of today's engineering processes. Engineering Optimization 2014 is dedicated to optimization methods in engineering, and contains the papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Engineering Optimization (ENGOPT2014, Lisbon, Portugal, 8-11 September 2014). The book will be of interest to engineers, applied mathematicians, and computer scientists working on research, development and practical applications of optimization methods in engineering.

A Quantum Approach to Alloy Design: An Exploration of Material Design and Development Based Upon Alloy Design Theory and Atomization Energy Method presents a molecular orbital approach to alloy design that is based on electronic structure calculations using the DV-X alpha cluster method and new alloying parameters obtained from these calculations. Topics discussed include alloy properties, such as corrosion resistance, shape memory effect and super-elasticity that are treated by using alloying parameters in biomedical titanium alloys. This book covers various topics of not only metals and alloys, but also metal oxides, hydrides and even hydrocarbons. In addition, important alloy properties, such as strength, corrosion resistance, hydrogen storage and catalysis are treated in view of electron theory. - Presents alloy design theory and the atomization-energy method and its use for the fundamental understanding of materials and materials design and development - Discusses, for the first time, the atomization-energy analysis of the local lattice strains introduced around alloying elements in metals - Illustrates a simplified approach to predict the structure and phases stability of new alloys/materials

This cutting-edge book focuses on the emerging area of biomaterials and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities The design and development of biomaterials play a significant role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. When used with highly selective and sensitive biomaterials, cutting-edge biodevices can allow the rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease, creating a platform for research and development, especially in the field of treatment for prognosis and detection of diseases in the early stage. This book emphasizes the emerging area of biomaterials and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities. The 15 comprehensive chapters written by leading experts cover such topics as: The use of severe plastic deformation technique to enhance the properties of nanostructured metals Descriptions of the different polymers for use in controlled drug release Chitin and chitosan as renewable healthcare biopolymers for biomedical applications Innovated devices such as “label-free biochips” and polymer MEMS Molecular imprinting and nanotechnology Prussian Blue biosensing applications The evaluation of different types of biosensors in terms of their cost effectiveness, selectivity, and sensitivity Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanocarriers for malignancy therapeutics

The choice of a material for a certain application is made taking into account its properties. If, for example one would like to produce a table, a hard material is needed to guarantee the stability of the product, but the material should not be too hard so that manufacturing is still as easy as possible - in this simple example wood might be the material of choice. When coming to more advanced applications the required properties are becoming more complex and the manufacturer`s desire is to tailor the properties of the material to fit the needs. To let this dream come true, insights into the microstructure of materials is crucial to finally control the properties of the materials because the microstructure determines its properties. Written by leading scientists in the field of microstructural design of engineering materials, this book focuses on the evolution and behavior of granular microstructures of various advanced materials during plastic deformation and treatment at elevated temperatures. These topics provide essential background and practical information for materials scientists, metallurgists and solid state physicists.

This proceedings volume representing the second International Thermal Spray Conference (May 2004, Osaka, Japan) contains 232 papers and 93 poster presentations. Arrangement is in sections on applications, characterization methods for coating properties, coating technologies for vehicle engines, cold spray, consumables for thermal spraying, corrosion protection, economics and quality, HVOF processes and materials, innovative equipment and process technology, modeling and simulation, nanostructured materials, photocatalytic materials, process diagnostics, protective coatings against wear and erosion, and thermal barrier coatings. No index is provided, but the included CD- ROM presumably contains the contents in a searchable format. Annotation :2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Scientists and engineers for decades searched to utilize magnesium, known of its low density, for light-weighting in many industrial sectors. This book provides a broad review of recent global developments in theory and practice of modern magnesium alloys. It covers fundamental aspects of alloy strengthening, recrystallization, details of microstructure and a unique role of grain refinement. The theory is linked with elements of alloy design and specific properties, including fatigue and creep resistance. Also technologies of alloy formation and processing, such as sheet rolling, semi-solid forming, welding and joining are considered. An opportunity of creation the metal matrix composite based on magnesium matrix is described along with carbon nanotubes as an effective reinforcement. A mixture of science and technology makes this book very useful for professionals from academia and industry.

Thin Films, Atomic Layer Deposition, and 3D Printing explains the concept of thin films, atomic layers deposition, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) with an aim to illustrate existing resources and give a broader perspective of the involved processes as well as provide a selection of different types of 3D printing, materials used for 3D printing, emerging trends and applications, and current top-performing 3D printers using different technologies. It covers the concept of the 4IR and its role in current and future human endeavors for both experts/nonexperts. The book includes figures, diagrams, and their applications in real-life situations. Features: Provides comprehensive material on conventional and emerging thin film, atomic layer, and additive technologies. Discusses the concept of Industry 4.0 in thin films technology. Details the preparation and properties of hybrid and scalable (ultra) thin materials for advanced applications. Explores detailed bibliometric analyses on pertinent applications. Interconnects atomic layer deposition and additive manufacturing. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in mechanical, materials, and metallurgical engineering.

Foams are ubiquitous in human life and can be found in a variety of products and materials, such as sodas and sponges. There are liquid foams and solid foams, both of which have distinct properties useful for various applications. This book reviews, researches, and summarizes the potential uses of foam fluids and porous foams in engineering, medicine, and other industries. Chapters discuss different types of foams including multiphase foams, cellular foams, and ceramic foams as well as foam-generating mechanisms and techniques.

With the increased presence of nanomaterials in commercial products such as cosmetics and sunscreens, fillers in dental fillings, water filtration process, catalysis, photovoltaic cells, bio-detection, a growing public debate is emerging on toxicological and environmental effects of direct and indirect exposure to these materials. Nanomaterials: A Danger or a Promise? forms a balanced overview of the health and environmental issues of nanoscale materials. By considering both the benefits and risks associated with nanomaterials, Nanomaterials: A Danger or a Promise? compiles a complete and detailed image of the many aspects of the interface between nanomaterials and their real-life application. The full cycle of nanomaterials life will be presented and critically assessed to consider and answer questions such as: How are nanomaterials made? What they are used for? What is their environmental fate? Can we make them better? Including coverage of relevant aspects about the toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials, nanomaterials life cycle, exposure issues, Nanomaterials: A Danger or a Promise? provides a comprehensive overview of the actual knowledge in these fields but also presents perspectives for the future development of a safer nanoscience. This comprehensive resource is a key reference for students, researcher, manufacturers and industry professionals alike.