The book provides the intellectual tools to understand the existential dimensions of what it is to be gendered. Classical phenomenology began qualitative studies, in a self-aware self-critical approach to qualitative appearances of being. This book applies the thought of Husserl and Heidegger and introduces Simone De Beauvoir’s analysis of the masculine-feminine balance of power. It understands conceptual meaning as referring to qualitative wholes, in a variety of settings. Simply put, the meaningful space of everyday life is one in which families, culture and society develop the next generation. This is also the space in which qualitative meaning exists. Understanding arises out of sensuality; one example is the way genders arise against the background of everyday social life: gendered expressions of roles and identities exist through identifying with the social type gender. Specifically, in relation to gender, it is argued that trouble cases and inter-gender boundary dynamics show aspects of gender roles. This work is a commentary on a judicious selection of a number of empirical studies in the disciplines of individual psychology, personality theory, social psychology, cultural anthropology, biology, behavioural genetics and neuroscience. It considers a number of reputable empirical sources for understanding gender and inter-gender relating, and explains how nature and nurture co-occur developmentally, in relation to what it is to have an identity and identify with the social type gender. The work also provides findings about natal gender research in unity with empirical studies of transgender experiences. This serves the function of moving towards suitable gender equity as a political outcome. Views from empirical research on gender and transgender research are provided that highlight the large number of similarities and small differences between masculinity and femininity.

First published in 1987, this book presents contributions from international authorities reviewing major themes in variant sexuality. Genetic and evolutionary arguments are presented for the preponderance of paraphilia in males, whilst Freudian and psychoanalytic theories are shown to have limited scientific basis. These and other topics are reviewed in an interesting book, which will be of particular value to students of the psychology of sexuality, evolutionary biology and psychiatry, as well as those with a more general interest in the social, behavioural and biological aspects of sexuality.

Challenging current perspectives of urbanisation, The Routledge History Handbook of Gender and the Urban Experience explores how our towns and cities have shaped and been shaped by cultural, spatial and gendered influences. This volume discusses gender in an urban context in European, North American and colonial towns from the fourteenth to the twentieth century, casting new light on the development of medieval and modern settlements across the globe. Organised into six thematic parts covering economy, space, civic identity, material culture, emotions and the colonial world, this book comprises 36 chapters by key scholars in the field. It covers a wide range of topics, from women and citizenship in medieval York to gender and tradition in nineteenth- and twentieth-century South African cities, reframing our understanding of the role of gender in constructing the spaces and places that form our urban environment. Interdisciplinary and transnational in scope, this volume analyses the individual dynamics of each case study while also examining the complex relationships and exchanges between urban cultures. It is a valuable resource for all researchers and students interested in gender, urban history and their intersection and interaction throughout the past five centuries.

Bringing together an international range of academics, Gender, Sexualities and Law provides a comprehensive interrogation of the range of contemporary issues – both topical and controversial – raised by the gendered character of law, legal discourse and institutions. The gendering of law, persons and the legal profession, along with the gender bias of legal outcomes, has been a fractious, but fertile, focus of reflection. It has, moreover, been an important site of political struggle. This collection of essays offers an unrivalled examination of its various contemporary dimensions, focusing on: issues of theory and representation; violence, both national and international; reproduction and parenting; and partnership, sexuality, marriage and the family. Gender, Sexualities and Law will be invaluable for all those engaged in research and study of the law (and related fields) as a form of gendered power.

This thoroughly revised second edition provides a critical overview of the contemporary debates and discussions surrounding gender and mediated communication. The book is divided into three parts: representing, producing, and consuming, with each section made up of three chapters. The first chapter of each section attempts to answer the most basic questions: ‘Who is represented?’, ‘Who produces what?’, and ‘Who consumes what?’. The second chapter of each section draws attention to the complexity of the relationship between gender and media, concentrating on the 'why'. The third and final chapter of each section addresses the latest debates in the fields of media and gender, adding a vital layer of understanding of the topic at hand. Throughout, text boxes provide additional information on the most important concepts and topics, and exercises help bridge the gap between theory and everyday life media practices. The second edition has been updated in light of current developments with regard to gender, media technologies, and globalisation, including recent theoretical insights and examples. This is an ideal textbook for students studying gender and media, and for general courses on gender studies, sociology, cultural studies, and women’s studies.

DT These highly successful revision guides have been brought right up-to-date for the new A Level specifications introduced in September 2000.DT Oxford Revision Guides are highly effective for both individual revision and classroom summary work. The unique visual format makes the key concepts and processes, and the links between them, easier to memorize.DT Students will save valuable revision time by using these notes instead of condensing their own.DT In fact, many students are choosing to buy their own copies so that they can colour code or highlight them as they might do with their own revision notes.

Mental disorders are ubiquitous, profoundly disabling and people suffering from them frequently endure the worst conditions of life. In recent decades both mental health and human rights have emerged as areas of practice, inquiry, national policy-making and shared international concern. Human-rights monitoring and reporting are core features of public administration in most countries, and human rights law has burgeoned. Mental health also enjoys a new dignity in scholarship, international discussions and programs, mass-media coverage and political debate. Today's experts insist that it impacts on every aspect of health and human well-being, and so becomes essential to achieving human rights. It is remarkable however that the struggle for human rights over the past two centuries largely bypassed the plight of those with mental disabilities. Mental health is frequently absent from routine health and social policy-making and research, and from many global health initiatives, for example, the Millenium Development Goals. Yet the impact of mental disorder is profound, not least when combined with poverty, mass trauma and social disruption, as in many poorer countries. Stigma is widespread and mental disorders frequently go unnoticed and untreated. Even in settings where mental health has attracted attention and services have undergone reform, resources are typically scarce, inequitably distributed, and inefficiently deployed. Social inclusion of those with psychosocial disabilities languishes as a distant ideal. In practice, therefore, the international community still tends to prioritise human rights while largely ignoring mental health, which remains in the shadow of physical-health programs. Yet not only do persons with mental disorders suffer deprivations of human rights but violations of human rights are now recognized as a major cause of mental disorder - a pattern that indicates how inextricably linked are the two domains. This volume offers the first attempt at a comprehensive survey of the key aspects of this interrelationship. It examines the crucial relationships and histories of mental health and human rights, and their interconnections with law, culture, ethnicity, class, economics, neuro-biology, and stigma. It investigates the responsibilities of states in securing the rights of those with mental disabilities, the predicaments of vulnerable groups, and the challenge of promoting and protecting mental health. In this wide-ranging analysis, many themes recur - for example, the enormous mental health burdens caused by war and social conflicts; the need to include mental-health interventions in humanitarian programs in a manner that does not undermine traditional healing and recovery processes of indigenous peoples; and the imperative to reduce gender-based violence and inequities. It particularly focuses on the first-person narratives of mental-health consumers, their families and carers, the collective voices that invite a major shift in vision and praxis. The book will be valuable for mental-health and helping professionals, lawyers, philosophers, human-rights workers and their organisations, the UN and other international agencies, social scientists, representatives of government, teachers, religious professionals, researchers, and policy-makers.

Comprehensively updated for the latest syllabus, for first teaching September 2017, and developed directly with the IB, the second edition of this popular Psychology Course Book provides thorough coverage of all core and optional units at Standard and Higher Level, as well as assessment preparation support. Engaging, full-colour activities and in-depth, international case studies bring the theory to life, while structured opportunities for critical thinking and concept-based learning help to develop enquiring and independent learners. Clear and accessible language, a robust reference section, support for the Internal Assessment and TOK links ensure that all learners progress through the DP Psychology course with confidence.

The Complete Companion for AQA A Level Year 2 5th edition Student Book delivers outstanding and up-to-date study, revision and exam-specific support. Written by leading authors Mike Cardwell and Cara Flanagan and reviewed by examiners, this book has a proven track record with The Complete Companions celebrating 15 years of companionship to teachers and learners in 2018. The comprehensive, thorough and exceptionally clear coverage of AQA's A Level specifications will help turn understanding of psychology into even better exam performance. Following a thorough review of the latest examiners' reports, the assessment information has been enhanced throughout to ensure this 5th edition gives the best and most up-to-date support. In addition, the evaluation sections and sample answers with examiner comments have been remodelled to give crystal clear exam signposting and guidance so you can easily digest the advice needed to achieve your best results. This book covers Research Methods (Year 2), Issues and debates and the optional topics (Relationships, Gender, Cognition and development, Schizophrenia, Eating behaviour, Stress, Aggression, Forensic Psychology, and Addiction). Other titles include: The Complete Companions: A Level Year 1 and AS Psychology Student Book (Fifth Edition) The Complete Companions: A Level and AS Kerboodle for AQA Psychology A range of exam workbooks and revision guides is also available.

Presenting new and exciting data from lesbian and gay conversations, narratives, representations of lesbians in film and erotic fiction, and representations of prominent gay men in newspapers, this book looks at some of the ways lesbians and gay men construct identity from among the symbolic resources available within lesbian and gay communities.