Incomplete data is part of life and almost all areas of scientific studies. Users tend to skip certain fields when they fill out online forms; participants choose to ignore sensitive questions on surveys; sensors fail, resulting in the loss of certain readings; publicly viewable satellite map services have missing data in many mobile applications; and in privacy-preserving applications, the data is incomplete deliberately in order to preserve the sensitivity of some attribute values. Query processing is a fundamental problem in computer science, and is useful in a variety of applications. In this book, we mostly focus on the query processing over incomplete databases, which involves finding a set of qualified objects from a specified incomplete dataset in order to support a wide spectrum of real-life applications. We first elaborate the three general kinds of methods of handling incomplete data, including (i) discarding the data with missing values, (ii) imputation for the missing values, and (iii) just depending on the observed data values. For the third method type, we introduce the semantics of k-nearest neighbor (kNN) search, skyline query, and top-k dominating query on incomplete data, respectively. In terms of the three representative queries over incomplete data, we investigate some advanced techniques to process incomplete data queries, including indexing, pruning as well as crowdsourcing techniques.

Age effects have played a particularly prominent role in some theoretical perspectives on second language acquisition. This book takes an entirely new perspective on this issue by re-examining these theories in light of the existence of apparently similar non-native outcomes in adult heritage speakers who, unlike adult second language learners, acquired two or more languages in childhood. Despite having been exposed to their family language early in life, many of these speakers never fully acquire, or later lose, aspects of their first language sometime in childhood. The book examines the structural characteristics of "incomplete" grammatical states and highlights how age of acquisition is related to the type of linguistic knowledge and behavior that emerges in L1 and L2 acquisition under different environmental circumstances. By underscoring age of acquisition as a unifying factor in the study of L2 acquisition and L1 attrition, it is claimed that just as there are age effects in L2 acquisition, there are also age effects, or even perhaps a critical period, in L1 attrition. The book covers adult L2 acquisition, attrition in adults and in children, and includes a comparison of adult heritage language speakers and second language learners.

As we know, multiplicative preference relations (or called pairwise comparisons in AHP) were proposed by Dr. Thomas L Saaty. One important work is to derive its priority from pairwise comparisons. It has been proposed many methods to derive priority for multiplicative preference relation. On the basis of fuzzy sets, the fuzzy reciprocal preference relation is proposed and is extended to the incomplete contexts. However, how to derive the priorities from incomplete fuzzy reciprocal preference relations is an interesting and challenging work. This book systematically presents the theories and methodologies for deriving priorities from incomplete fuzzy reciprocal preference relations. This book can be divided into three parts. In the first part, this book introduces the basic concepts of fuzzy reciprocal preference relations and incomplete fuzzy reciprocal preference relations. Then, two consistencies of complete fuzzy reciprocal preference relations are introduced: additive consistency and multiplicative consistency. Then, the relationships between the fuzzy reciprocal elements and the weights are showed. Afterward, in the second part, different priority methods are presented. The inconsistency repairing procedures are also proposed. Last, the priority method for incomplete hesitant fuzzy reciprocal preference relations is presented. This book can be used as a reference for researchers in the areas of management science, information science, systems engineering, operations research, and other relevant fields. It can also be employed as a textbook for upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students.

Now translated into English, The Incomplete Manuscript: Translated from Azerbaijani by Anne Thompson is a novel narrating the imaginary life of medieval icons. When a young researcher accidentally comes across a manuscript in the Manuscripts Institute, he discovers the unexpected but well-known epic Kitabi Dada Korkud, combined with the history of Azerbaijani shah and poet Shah Ismail's life set in an entirely new interpretation. This stunning novel turns into a game of literary fiction that has already thrilled readers around the world. "From the first pages of Incomplete Manuscript, Kamal Abdulla is like a lapidarist who for days and nights walks around the uncut diamond to find that particular angle for brilliant cut and tries to imagine what it will look like once cut and polished. Read the book as a detective novel and as an approach to myths, and above all as an introduction to the study of self." - Prof. Andrea Brignon, France "Kamal Abdulla still can be singled out as a writer 'dancing' with different layers of language, different periods of national history, different cinematic shots, and montage effects of Confucius." - Prof. Niyazi Mekhti, Baku University of Arts and Culture "Everything that an epic had to suppress in order to achieve 'unity' and 'completeness' - a great artistic force is needed - the force of a Bulgakov, a Joyce, a Walcott, or Kamal Abdulla." - Prof. Max Statkiewicz, University of Wisconsin-Madison Kamal Abdulla is a professor of linguistics in Baku, Azerbaijan. This novel has been published in French, Turkish, Russian, Polish, Arabic, and Portuguese. Publisher's website: http: //sbpra.com/KamalAbdulla

Presents an account of the theory and applications of incomplete block designs. This title considers various major aspects of incomplete block designs by consolidating material from the literature - the classical incomplete block designs, like the balanced incomplete block (BIB) and partially balanced incomplete block (PBIB) designs.

Incomplete Category Fronting is a detailed investigation of the syntax of incomplete category fronting in German, carried out from a cross-linguistic perspective. The study presents a wealth of empirical evidence involving unbound traces created by remnant topicalization, wh-movement, scrambling, left dislocation, and extraposition. Four characteristic properties of remnant movement are identified that pose severe problems for a representational movement theory. It is argued that these properties can be fruitfully addressed on the basis of Chomsky's minimalist program, and that they follow from a derivational movement theory that incorporates the Barriers Condition, the Strict Cycle Condition, Fewest Steps, Last Resort, and the Minimal Link Condition but completely dispenses with surface filters. Incomplete Category Fronting provides an empirical underpinning for the minimalist program and presents a powerful argument for a derivational theory of grammar. Audience: Incomplete Category Fronting will interest all linguists working on theoretical syntax, Germanic syntax or the syntax-semantics interface.

The subject of special functions is rich and expanding continuously with the emergence of new problems encountered in engineering and applied science applications. The development of computational techniques and the rapid growth in computing power have increased the importance of the special functions and their formulae for analytic representations

This book analyses cases of incomplete secession after separatist wars and what this means for relations between central governments and de facto states. The work explores the interplay between violence and power by examining the micro-dynamics inherent in the process of escalation between separatists and central governments. These dynamics affect not only the security interactions between these entities, but also the character of political and governance relations that are built in the aftermath of secessionist war. The book provides comprehensive analyses of the evolution of post-conflict relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria and between Georgia and South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Beyond these empirical and conceptual examples, the book contributes to a key debate in International Relations that addresses the relationship between democratisation, nationalism and violence, and its applicability to the study of escalation in the post-Soviet space. This book will be of much interest to students of secession, statehood, conflict studies, democratisation, post-Soviet politics and International Relations in general. Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Theory of incompl. markets/M. Magill, M. Quinzii. - V.1.