Long before they can make any sounds approaching language, infants can share in communication, though what this means is the subject of much scrutiny. This 1979 volume deliberately draws on people whose different backgrounds have brought them to explore questions that have a bearing on communication in this earliest phase of human infancy. This is, then, as Dr Bullowa says in her introduction, primarily a book about 'how scientists go about finding out how infants and adults communicate with one another'. It is nowhere dogmatic; contributors have all been encouraged to say why they came to do the research reported, how they set about it and what they discovered. Dr Bullowa herself provides a useful introduction which makes its own substantial contribution, while surveying the broad context of the particular research, discussing some of the themes that recur in the book and relating them to the wider literature.

Joseph Schumpeter oscillated in his view about the type of economic system that was most conducive to growth. In his 1911 treatise, Schumpeter argued that a more decentralized and turbulent industry structure where the pro cess of creative destruction was triggered by vigorous entrepreneurial ac tivity was the engine of economic growth. But by 1942 Schumpeter had modified his theory, arguing instead that a more centralized and stable industry structure was more conducive to growth. According to Schum peter (1942, p. 132), under the managed economy there was little room for entrepreneurship because, "Innovation itself is being reduced to routine. Technological progress is increasingly becoming the business of teams of trained specialists who turn out what is required to make it work in pre dictable ways" (p. 132). Schumpeter (1942) reversed his earlier view by arguing that the integration of knowledge creation and appropriation be stowed an inherent innovative advantage upon giant corporations, "Since capitalist enterprise, by its very achievements, tends to automize progress, we conclude that it tends to make itself superfluous - to break to pieces under the pressure of its own success.