Rebellion, insurgency, civil war-conflict within a society is customarily treated as a matter of domestic politics and analysts generally focus their attention on local causes. Yet fighting between governments and opposition groups is rarely confined to the domestic arena. "Internal" wars often spill across national boundaries, rebel organizations frequently find sanctuaries in neighboring countries, and insurgencies give rise to disputes between states. In Rebels without Borders, which will appeal to students of international and civil war and those developing policies to contain the regional diffusion of conflict, Idean Salehyan examines transnational rebel organizations in civil conflicts, utilizing cross-national datasets as well as in-depth case studies. He shows how external Contra bases in Honduras and Costa Rica facilitated the Nicaraguan civil war and how the Rwandan civil war spilled over into the Democratic Republic of the Congo, fostering a regional war. He also looks at other cross-border insurgencies, such as those of the Kurdish PKK and Taliban fighters in Pakistan. Salehyan reveals that external sanctuaries feature in the political history of more than half of the world's armed insurgencies since 1945, and are also important in fostering state-to-state conflicts. Rebels who are unable to challenge the state on its own turf look for mobilization opportunities abroad. Neighboring states that are too weak to prevent rebel access, states that wish to foster instability in their rivals, and large refugee diasporas provide important opportunities for insurgent groups to establish external bases. Such sanctuaries complicate intelligence gathering, counterinsurgency operations, and efforts at peacemaking. States that host rebels intrude into negotiations between governments and opposition movements and can block progress toward peace when they pursue their own agendas.

Why do some civil wars end in successfully implemented peace settlements while others are fought to the finish? Numerous competing theories address this question. Yet not until now has a study combined the historical sweep, empirical richness, and conceptual rigor necessary to put them thoroughly to the test and draw lessons invaluable to students, scholars, and policymakers. Using data on every civil war fought between 1940 and 1992, Barbara Walter details the conditions that lead combatants to partake in what she defines as a three-step process--the decision on whether to initiate negotiations, to compromise, and, finally, to implement any resulting terms. Her key finding: rarely are such conflicts resolved without active third-party intervention. Walter argues that for negotiations to succeed it is not enough for the opposing sides to resolve the underlying issues behind a civil war. Instead the combatants must clear the much higher hurdle of designing credible guarantees on the terms of agreement--something that is difficult without outside assistance. Examining conflicts from Greece to Laos, China to Columbia, Bosnia to Rwanda, Walter confirms just how crucial the prospect of third-party security guarantees and effective power-sharing pacts can be--and that adversaries do, in fact, consider such factors in deciding whether to negotiate or fight. While taking many other variables into account and acknowledging that third parties must also weigh the costs and benefits of involvement in civil war resolution, this study reveals not only how peace is possible, but probable.

Civil wars are among the most difficult problems in world politics. While mediation, intervention, and peacekeeping have produced some positive results in helping to end civil wars, they fall short in preventing them in the first place. In Incentivizing Peace, Jaroslav Tir and Johannes Karreth show that considering civil wars from a developmental perspective presents opportunities to prevent the escalation of nascent armed conflicts into full-scale civil wars. The authors demonstrate that highly-structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs such as the World Bank, IMF, or regional development banks) are particularly well-positioned to engage in civil war prevention. When such IGOs have been actively engaged in nations on the edge, their potent economic tools have helped to steer rebel-government interactions away from escalation and toward peaceful settlement. Incentivizing Peace provides enlightening case evidence that IGO participation is a key to better predicting, and thus preventing, the outbreak of civil war.

Faced with a decision that will affect the course of history and the balance of power in the Western hemisphere, the young urban professional Cosmo Valente struggles to find himself while trying to choose between the type of society he wishes to live in. Set in a future post-United States world that has fractured into several competing nations, plagued by civil war and interminable infighting, vying for supremacy over the remnants of the old Union. The clamorous powers of North America fight to protect their sovereignty from the expanding Communist regime of the newly created Latin American Alliance. Armed with nuclear weapons, these colossal forces confront each other in a showdown to which Cosmo holds the key to victory.

In 1861,The Whitlow Brothers of Texas felt they were living near perfect lives. They enjoyed the outdoor work on the family ranch, they were well paid for their efforts, and they knew beautiful girls who enjoyed their company. The future held such wonderful promise, until the politicians destroyed the American dream. War amongst ourselves has to be evidence of ultimate failure. Uncompromising politicians were forcing the citizens of America to fight each other in a war. As far as the Whitlow boys were concerned, they should have locked all the politicians in a barn and told them No one comes out until you reach an agreement to do something other than wage war. U.S. citizenship and Texas citizenship are both held very precious. Why would anyone in his right mind be willing to give up either? The boys thought their father had the best idea. He had said, If the politicians want a war, we ought to make them fight it amongst themselves instead of getting all of the American people involved. That, of course, didnt happen. When personal involvement in the Civil War could no longer be avoided, the Whitlow Brothers made the difficult decision to join their friends and neighbors in defending the South, which the North had invaded. If the slavery issue had been the only consideration, they would have gladly fought on the Union side. Slavery was not an issue for most Southerners. Only about ten percent of all Southerners held slaves. The problem was, the ten percent who did were, for the most part, the wealthy people who had the most influence with the Southern politicians. It appears that the problem of special interest groups was a plague even then. Determining how they could best serve the South was not a major problem. The Cavalry was the logical choice, since they had been on horseback most of their lives. The Texas Eighth Cavalry, also known as Terrys Texas Rangers, was the unit they chose. History reveals the Terrys Texas Rangers were marvelous horsemen, and fierce fighters. Many considered them the best cavalry unit on either side in the Civil War. Their level of accomplishment in battle led them to become the most feared, and most hated, adversary of many in the Union Army. Such success did not come without casualties. The Regiment began with over eleven hundred members; at the end of the Civil War less than three hundred had survived. The Whitlows faced the gamut of emotions as they waged this senseless war, and came to realize that being the best at what you do does not guarantee a final victory. Fiction can not do justice to the actual experiences of the Terry Texas Rangers, but the chronology of events, and the battle activities of the actual unit must have been very similar to those recorded on the pages of this book.

All magic comes with a price tag. It's a lesson witches are taught from a young age, along with the ones about how we'll never survive a vampire turning, how hunters will always seek to eradicate us, and how a devil's bargain can never be broken. But together, we’ve shattered every last rule, ignored every last warning. We've grown stronger because of it, and we've survived everything fate has thrown our way. So what's one more warning shunned, one more cosmic law overturned in the face of such a devastating loss? Asher. Darius. Ronan. Liam. Emilio. To keep the men I love safe—to keep our home safe—there’s nothing I won't risk. Break. Destroy. Because failure? Not an option. If we fail, we will all die. Witches, shifters, vampires, demons, fae, and humankind. None will be left standing. Not one soul but the few who’ve masterminded the entire collapse. But my dark rebels and I? We've got a weapon the enemy could never touch. So get ready for one hell of a fight. This set contains the final three books in THE WITCH’S REBELS reverse harem paranormal romance and urban fantasy series—Blood Cursed, Death Untold, and Rebel Reborn. Expect sexy forbidden romance, dark magic, and heart-pounding supernatural suspense that will leave you spellbound!

John Norman takes you on a journey to "World's End," a set of once-unknown islands far west of the continental mainland. Lying across vast, turbulent Thassa, these mysterious islands were reached for the first time during the historic voyage of the ship of Tersites. Now this remote locale has been chosen by two warring, technologically advanced species-the bestial, imperialistic, predatory Kurii, and the retiring, secretive Priest-Kings, the "gods of Gor." On this all-too-real "gaming board," a roll of the dice will determine the fortunes and fate of Gor-and perhaps that of Earth. Few realize the momentous nature of the conflict, seeing in it no more than a local war for territory and power. Those who grasp the dimensions of the game realize that the stakes are nothing less than the world itself. Rediscover this brilliantly imagined world where men are masters and women live to serve their every desire.

Providing a complete overview of the global post-World War II civil wars, this book covers: civil war patterns, types and causes; the effect of natural resources; conflict duration, outcomes and termination; peace agreements; counter-insurgency; terrorism; international intervention; and post-conflict issues.

I am a Road Rebel. I love my woman as much as I love my motorcycle club. Now I just have to figure out how to keep them both safe. The Road Rebels Motorcycle Club Box Set includes all four of The Road Rebels MC books! You get Hawk, Talon, Snake, and Fox all in one steamy set! Hawk She was supposed to be mine forever. But the night our father's were killed, Sydney decided this life wasn't for her. So she ran. She left me, and our club behind. I never expected to see her on my doorstep six years later. With our child. She looks different, but she's still as beautiful as ever. Those hips, her sultry smile, I can't get over her. But she didn't leave the life, and she's got a DEA agent on her tail. I have to keep her safe, and my daughter too. I'll do anything to protect them. Even if I have to lie to my club about her. Talon Never touch another club member's sister. It's one rule in the MC I'll never understand. That means Gemma is off-limits. Too bad I don't listen to rules very well. I'll make Gemma see that she's the only woman for me. On my bike, in the clubhouse. She'll be mine. The Devil Saints are on our heels though, so I won't get to take my sweet time with her. And that's all I want to do. If I have to kill somebody to be with her, so be it. Those bastards have no idea what it really means to be the devil. I'll show them. Snake She's the one I tried to forget. But I can't get her out of my head. I'm no prisoner. And I'm no coward. I won't stay locked away at the clubhouse hiding from those @ssholes, The Devil Saints. So I go to a bar, away from my brothers. I need a break from all the chaos. Until drama walks right through the door. Laiken. The one who got away. Or I pushed away, I can barely remember. She's looking fine in that police uniform. I wonder if she'd let me use those cuffs on her. But we can't be together. A patched member and a cop? No. Laiken and me? I'm not supposed to want her. But you know what they say. The heart wants what it can't have. And my heart is achin' for trouble. Fox They say don't sleep with your target. But we won't be doing much sleeping. I have a job to do, for my Club. To get information on the indictment of our rivals, the Devil's Saints. I’m going to find out how to put away those @ssholes for good The Club didn’t give me the nickname Fox for my good looks. The mission changes when I meet Harlow Carmichael. Getting involved with her is a bad idea, but I can’t get my mind off her lips, or those curves. I don’t care if she’s the daughter of the man working for the enemy. When her life is threatened, I have to decide who to save. Her or my Club.

Drawing on years of experience working with adolescents, Cossa provides a tried-and-tested model for working with adolescents in groups. Utilizing techniques found in psychodrama, sociodrama, drama therapy and sociometry, Cossa offers step-by-step guidelines on running a group development program and summarizes in easy-to-understand language.