"This 10-volume compilation of authoritative, research-based articles contributed by thousands of researchers and experts from all over the world emphasized modern issues and the presentation of potential opportunities, prospective solutions, and future directions in the field of information science and technology"--Provided by publisher.

In recent years, our world has experienced a profound shift and progression in available computing and knowledge sharing innovations. These emerging advancements have developed at a rapid pace, disseminating into and affecting numerous aspects of contemporary society. This has created a pivotal need for an innovative compendium encompassing the latest trends, concepts, and issues surrounding this relevant discipline area. During the past 15 years, the Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology has become recognized as one of the landmark sources of the latest knowledge and discoveries in this discipline. The Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition is a 10-volume set which includes 705 original and previously unpublished research articles covering a full range of perspectives, applications, and techniques contributed by thousands of experts and researchers from around the globe. This authoritative encyclopedia is an all-encompassing, well-established reference source that is ideally designed to disseminate the most forward-thinking and diverse research findings. With critical perspectives on the impact of information science management and new technologies in modern settings, including but not limited to computer science, education, healthcare, government, engineering, business, and natural and physical sciences, it is a pivotal and relevant source of knowledge that will benefit every professional within the field of information science and technology and is an invaluable addition to every academic and corporate library.

"This set of books represents a detailed compendium of authoritative, research-based entries that define the contemporary state of knowledge on technology"--Provided by publisher.

The state of the art of high-performance computing Prominent researchers from around the world have gathered to present the state-of-the-art techniques and innovations in high-performance computing (HPC), including: * Programming models for parallel computing: graph-oriented programming (GOP), OpenMP, the stages and transformation (SAT) approach, the bulk-synchronous parallel (BSP) model, Message Passing Interface (MPI), and Cilk * Architectural and system support, featuring the code tiling compiler technique, the MigThread application-level migration and checkpointing package, the new prefetching scheme of atomicity, a new "receiver makes right" data conversion method, and lessons learned from applying reconfigurable computing to HPC * Scheduling and resource management issues with heterogeneous systems, bus saturation effects on SMPs, genetic algorithms for distributed computing, and novel task-scheduling algorithms * Clusters and grid computing: design requirements, grid middleware, distributed virtual machines, data grid services and performance-boosting techniques, security issues, and open issues * Peer-to-peer computing (P2P) including the proposed search mechanism of hybrid periodical flooding (HPF) and routing protocols for improved routing performance * Wireless and mobile computing, featuring discussions of implementing the Gateway Location Register (GLR) concept in 3G cellular networks, maximizing network longevity, and comparisons of QoS-aware scatternet scheduling algorithms * High-performance applications including partitioners, running Bag-of-Tasks applications on grids, using low-cost clusters to meet high-demand applications, and advanced convergent architectures and protocols High-Performance Computing: Paradigm and Infrastructure is an invaluable compendium for engineers, IT professionals, and researchers and students of computer science and applied mathematics.

One of the grand challenges in the nano-scopic computing era is guarantees of robustness. Robust computing system design is confronted with quantum physical, probabilistic, and even biological phenomena, and guaranteeing high reliability is much more difficult than ever before. Scaling devices down to the level of single electron operation will bring forth new challenges due to probabilistic effects and uncertainty in guaranteeing 'zero-one' based computing. Minuscule devices imply billions of devices on a single chip, which may help mitigate the challenge of uncertainty by replication and redundancy. However, such device densities will create a design and validation nightmare with the shear scale. The questions that confront computer engineers regarding the current status of nanocomputing material and the reliability of systems built from such miniscule devices, are difficult to articulate and answer. We have found a lack of resources in the confines of a single volume that at least partially attempts to answer these questions. We believe that this volume contains a large amount of research material as well as new ideas that will be very useful for some one starting research in the arena of nanocomputing, not at the device level, but the problems one would face at system level design and validation when nanoscopic physicality will be present at the device level.

Welcome to the proceedings of the 2005 IFIP International Conference on - bedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC 2005), which was held in Nagasaki, Japan, December 6–9, 2005. Embedded and ubiquitous computing is emerging rapidly as an exciting new paradigm to provide computing and communication services all the time, - erywhere. Its systems are now pervading every aspect of life to the point that they are hidden inside various appliances or can be worn unobtrusively as part of clothing and jewelry. This emergence is a natural outcome of research and technological advances in embedded systems, pervasive computing and c- munications, wireless networks, mobile computing, distributed computing and agent technologies, etc. Its tremendous impact on academics, industry, gove- ment, and daily life can be compared to that of electric motors over the past century, in fact it but promises to revolutionize life much more profoundly than elevators, electric motors or even personal computers. The EUC 2005 conference provided a forum for engineers and scientists in academia, industry, and government to address profound issues including te- nical challenges, safety, and social, legal, political, and economic issues, and to present and discuss their ideas, results, work in progress, and experience on all aspects of embedded and ubiquitous computing.

Field-Programmable Custom Computing Technology: Architectures, Tools, and Applications brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date research results in this fast-moving area. In seven selected chapters, the book describes the latest advances in architectures, design methods, and applications of field-programmable devices for high-performance reconfigurable systems. The contributors to this work were selected from the leading researchers and practitioners in the field. It will be valuable to anyone working or researching in the field of custom computing technology. It serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most challenging issues being examined today.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Field-Programmable Logics and Applications, FPL '98, held in Tallinn, Estonia, in August/September 1998. The 39 revised full papers presented were carefully selected for inclusion in the book from a total of 86 submissions. Also included are 30 refereed high-quality posters. The papers are organized in topical sections on design methods, general aspects, prototyping and simulation, development methods, accelerators, system architectures, hardware/software codesign, system development, algorithms on FPGAs, and applications.

This two-volume set (CCIS 201 and CCIS 202) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Science and Education, CSE 2011, held in Qingdao, China, in July 2011. The 164 revised full papers presented in both volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from a large number of submissions. The papers address a large number of research topics and applications: from artificial intelligence to computers and information technology; from education systems to methods research and other related issues; such as: database technology, computer architecture, software engineering, computer graphics, control technology, systems engineering, network, communication, and other advanced technology, computer education, and life-long education.