Much of Canada and Alaska can be called the subarctic. This area features the taiga and often cold temperatures. The native peoples of this region had to adapt to this climate in many ways, including making clothes from fur, wearing snowshoes, and carefully insulating their homes. Readers are introduced to which groups can be classified as subarctic and the traditional ways of life they practice. Full-color photographs and historical images highlight the weather’s role in their lives as fun fact boxes add more detail about how the fur trade impacted these groups, how they found food, and more.

The papers in this book focus on themes which have been near the centre of fur trade scholarship: the identification of Indian motivations; the degree to which Indians were discriminating consumers and creative participants; and the extent of Native dependency on the trade. Spanning the period from the seventeenth century up to and including the twentieth, with distinguished authors such as J. Arthur Ray and Toby Morantz, The Subarctic Fur Trade will help scholars become more fully aware of the issues concerned with Native economic history.

We are only now beginning to understand the climatic impact of the remarkable events that are now occurring in subarctic waters. Researchers, however, have yet to agree upon a predictive model that links change in our northern seas to climate. This volume brings together the body of evidence needed to develop climate models that quantify the ocean exchanges through subarctic seas, measure their variability, and gauge their impact on climate.

The hydrological cycle plays a central role in geobiological and near-surface geological processes and in the energy balance of the earth. It is of crucial importance to many vital practical problems relative to man and his environment. This is especially true in arctic and subarctic regions, where knowledge of hydrologic processes is particularly limited. The introductory section of this report discusses the global hydrologic cycle and summarizes current estimates of the quantities of water involved in various portions of it. Following this, the definitions and boundaries of the arctic and subarctic are reviewed; a map showing these boundaries and annotations of a number of publications dealing with this problem are also presented. The main part of the report gives several hundred annotations of reports that directly discuss elements of the water balance in arctic and subarctic regions. These annotations are grouped by geographic area: the Northern Hemisphere, Europe, the U.S.S.R., Alaska, Canada, and Greenland and Iceland. For each area, annotations are presented according to water-balance elements: precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, streamflow, groundwater contributions to runoff, and changes in glacial storage. (Modified author abstract).

A journey from Wrangell, Alaska, through British Columbia, Yukon, and Alaska to the Aleutian Islands made between 1892 and 1893.