Today's investor faces a much larger challenge than those of just ten years ago. The size and complexities of the financial marketplace create confusion. The Dow Jones industrial average has doubled in the past two and a half years, and 10,000 on the Dow is no longer a fantasy. Money keeps flooding into the market. The New York Stock Exchange daily trading volume is four times that of 1990. Financial Success in the Year 2000 and Beyond covers financial planning and asset management, the fastest growing segments of the financial services industry. In the old days, highly commissioned salesmen would simply tell their clients what products to buy. Today, there are infinitely more choices and investments options to sort through and be concerned about. Technology has put complex investing tools into the hands of ordinary people, without good advice on how to use them. Never have so many people experienced so much control over their financial futures, yet felt a need for so much help. Applying lessons learned from past mistakes is hard and discouraging. Most people become investors without the wisdom of experience, getting the tests without first getting the lessons. Financial Success in the Year 2000 and Beyond explores virtually every aspect of financial planning and dispels many of the myths and mysteries surrounding investing and investments. The Experts include: Dennis R. Fletcher, CLU, ChFC, Oshkosh, WI , Joseph D. Longo, CLU, CFP, LUTCF, LIC, Troy, MI, Tom Nohr, CFP, RFC, Castro Valley, CA, Floyd L. Shilanski, Anchorage, AK, Robert Lyndon Taylor, LUTCF, Oklahoma City, OK, Michael P. Eischen, Columbus, OH, Lance A. Pelky, San Diego, CA, David W. Shepherd, RHU, ChFC , Tucson, AZ, Terry A. Vrieze, Des Moines, Iowa, Larry Rosenthal, RFC, LUTCF, Manassas, VA, William J. (Bill) Nelson, RFC, Cayton, OH, David S. White, Durham, NC, Mark Young, St Lewis, MO

The effects of the growth of multinational enterprises and globalization in the past fifty years have been profound, and many multinational enterprises, such as international banks, now operate around the world through branches known as permanent establishments. The business profits article (Article 7) of the OECD model tax treaty attributes a multinational enterprise's business profits to a permanent establishment in a host country for tax purposes. Michael Kobetsky analyses the principles for allocating the profits of multinational enterprises to permanent establishments under this article, explains the shortcomings of the current arm's length principle for attributing business profits to permanent establishments and considers the alternative method of formulary apportionment for allocating business profits.

The post-communist Central European and Baltic economies are now approaching the end of their transitions to well-functioning market systems. In some respects, the approaching EU accession and conclusion of the transition marks the end of a fascinating period in economic history. Beyond Transition focuses on the economic problems and issues facing Central Europe and the Baltics, the Balkans, and countries belonging to the Commonwealth for Independent States (CIS) in the post-transition context. This focus reflects the need to better understand two processes that are increasingly apparent in the post-communist economic space. First, many of the problems now facing policy makers in post-communist economies - choice of exchange rate regime, tax reform, labour market regulation, improving corporate governance - also face policy makers in developed and developing countries in other parts of the world. Second, the EU's eastern enlargement and the policy agendas facing the first wave accession candidates have major implications for the CIS and Balkan countries that have not been (and may never be) invited to join this process.

Governments around the world are struggling to meet their commitments to achieve targets relating to reductions in greenhouse gases. Many writers advocating ways to achieve these targets offer radical but often impractical approaches that do not offer a way forward within the existing economic model. In contrast, Towards Ecological Taxation is a pragmatic consideration of realistic possibilities by an author from the world of accounting. Based on his research into the implications of changes in the UK motor taxation regime for company cars, David Russell considers the broader efficacy of taxation policy as a mechanism for reducing demand for fossil fuels and encouraging a shift towards carbon-neutral energy production. He incorporates the findings of a number of studies into his analysis, along with a wider consideration of tax regimes. Dr Russell suggests a way forward that will attract the interest of researchers, policy makers and decision makers wanting a better understanding of how taxation could be used innovatively, but within the existing economic status quo, to deliver specific and measurable reductions in CO2. Such a distinctive approach makes this book a valuable addition to the literature on environmental issues and the always thought provoking titles in the Corporate Social Responsibility Series.

A collection of unconventional voices, BEYOND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN UNITED STATES TAX LAW articulates alternative approaches to traditional economic analysis that provide a fuller understanding of tax law. Twelve original essays shed new light on classical tax theory by demonstrating that efficiency should not be the sole mechanism for examining the merits of the U.S. tax system. Factors such as race, gender, ethics, fairness, social justice, and political theory, to name a few should play a vital role in the design of the tax system. Reliance upon the myth that markets function solely by reference to efficiency concerns can be expected to result in a poorly functioning tax regime. Covering a broad range of topics including healthcare, housing, theories of justice, wealth transfer taxation, taxation as regulation, international taxation, state and local taxation, retirement security, and the charitable tax exemption this trail-blazing anthology scrutinizes the tax code along many neglected lines of analysis, including fairness, redistribution, organizational behavior and hierarchy, and social justice.

This publication analyses where and why certain non-tariff measures are being applied to traded goods that are covered by multilateral rules and disciplines, and how they continue to represent challenges for exporters and policy makers.

The authors of this book have worked independently and opinions expressed by them are, therefore, their own, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the supporters or the trustees of The Fraser Institute. [...] She is co-author of the An Empir- ical Comparison of Labour Relations Laws in Canada and the United States (2006), Union Disclosure in Canada and the United States (2006), Fiscal Per- formance Index (2006), Tax Freedom Day (2006), Canadian Provincial In- vestment Climate Report (2006), Transparency of Labour Relations Boards in Canada and the United States (2005), and the State of the Urban Air in [...] We would like to acknowledge all of the scholars who provided peer review of this study: Professor Ron Knee- bone of the University of Calgary, Professor Richard Bird of the University of Toronto, Professor Barry Cooper of the University of Calgary, Gordon Gibson who is a Senior Fellow of the Fraser Institute, Professor Bev Dahlby of the University of Alberta and a member of the Fraser Institute's [...] In addition, we would like to thank Nadeem Esmail, the Director of Health Performance Studies at the Fraser Institute and Fred McMahon the Director of Globalization and Trade at the Fraser Institute and the author of 2 books on the topic of fiscal balance and equalization for their review of a number of working drafts. [...] Figure 1.2 illustrates the nominal net fiscal balance (surplus or deficit) for the federal government and all of the provincial and territorial governments (consolidated) between 1990/91 and 2005/06. The federal government begins the period with an enormous deficit of $32.4 billion while the provinces had a much lower, collective deficit of $7.6 billion.