This scholarly work provides a detailed analysis of the legal implications of the letters apostolic issued by Pope Pius IX during his pontificate. Twiss argues that these letters constitute a significant body of canon law, and that they have important implications for the relationship between church and state. The book is a valuable resource for scholars and theologians interested in the history and development of canon law. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.