What is a scientific theory? How is it different from a law or a principle? And what practical use is it? Science students, especially those new to studying the sciences, ask these questions everyday about these essential parts of a science education. To support these students, the Encyclopedia of Scientific Principles, Laws, and Principles is designed to be an easy-to-understand, accessible, and accurate description of the most famous scientific concepts, principles, laws, and theories that are known in the areas of astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, mathematics, medicine, meteorology, and physics. The encyclopedia contributes to the scientific literacy of students and the general public by providing them with a comprehensive, but not overwhelming source of those scientific concepts, principles, laws and theories that impact every facet of their daily lives. The Encyclopedia of Scientific Principles, Laws, and Theories includes several hundred entries. For ease of use, entries are arranged alphabetically by the names of the men or women who are best-known for their discovery or development or after whom the particular scientific law or theory is named. Entries include a short biography of the main discoverers, as well as any information that was of particular relevance in the evolution of the scientific topic. The encyclopedia includes sidebars and examples of the usefulness of the theories, principles, and laws in everyday life, demonstrating that understanding these concepts have practical use. Each entry also includes resources for further research, and the encyclopedia includes a general bibliography of particularly useful primary and secondary source materials.

Fully cross-referenced and source-referenced, this dictionary contains over 1200 entries consisting of terms concerning laws, theories, hypotheses, doctrines, principles, and effects in early and contemporary psychological literature. Each entry consists of the definition/description of the term with commentary, followed by a number of cross-referenced, related terms, and by chronologically-ordered source references to indicate the evolution of the term. An appendix provides supplementary material on many laws and theories not included in the dictionary itself and will be helpful to students and scholars concerned with specialty areas in psychology.

In attempting to understand and explain various behaviour, events, and phenomena in their field, psychologists have developed and enunciated an enormous number of 'best guesses' or theories concerning the phenomenon in question. Such theories involve speculations and statements that range on a potency continuum from 'strong' to 'weak'. The term theory, itself, has been conceived of in various ways in the psychological literature. In the present dictionary, the strategy of lumping together all the various traditional descriptive labels regarding psychologists 'best guesses' under the single descriptive term theory has been adopted. The descriptive labels of principle, law, theory, model, paradigm, effect, hypothesis and doctrine are attached to many of the entries, and all such descriptive labels are subsumed under the umbrella term theory.The title of this dictionary emphasizes the term theory (implying both strong and weak best guesses) and is a way of indication, overall, the contents of this comprehensive dictionary in a parsimonious and felicitous fashion.The dictionary will contain approximately 2,000 terms covering the origination, development, and evolution of various psychological concepts, as well as the historical definition, analysis, and criticisms of psychological concepts. Terms and definitions are in English.*Contains over 2,000 terms covering the origination, development and evolution of various psychological concepts*Covers a wide span of theories, from auditory, cognitive tactile and visual to humor and imagery*An essential resource for psychologists needing a single-source quick reference

This is an open access book.Changes in law either from the meaning of normative substance, institutional, and legal culture are inevitably in line with the dynamics within various sectors of life society. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly discuss and analyze which sectors may have a significant impact on the business world and society today. By discussing comprehensively, comparatively and collaboratively, it is hoped that legal issues can be seen from various perspectives in the legal and social fields by finding fundamental problems in depth related to several topics of discussion, including in the telematics legal sector, natural resource management law, business legal culture, as well as the tourism sector. For this reason, APPTHI held a series of conferences in 3 cities to discuss and make it a meeting place for world law experts with law lecturers throughout Indonesia and invited lecturers from various countries, such as South Korea, India, Malaysia and Europe to take a part in this conference. The 1st APPTHI International Conference on Changing of Law (the series) is the first international conference series held in Indonesia by the Association of Indonesian Law College Leaders (APPTHI), inviting several legal experts from countries such as the USA, the Netherlands, Korea, Malaysia, India, as well as South Korea. This activity has 3 major themes each held in several cities, namely: in Jakarta which will be held at Trisakti University on 22 July 2023 with the theme Changing of Law in the digital era, while in Makassar it will take place at the Indonesian Muslim University/UMI) on July 24 2023 with the theme Changing of Law in the Energy sector and Natural Resources Management, as well as the last series of conferences in Bali on July 26 2023 at Warmadewa University, becoming a series of academic activities that have a broad spectrum and dimension of legal knowledge with various legal perspectives such as business law, corporate law, civil law, criminal law, intellectual property law, telematics law, agrarian law, environmental law, HTN/HAN etc. This event was carried out within the framework of the first round of the APPTHI international program which will continue to be held regularly every year. This program is also a form of implementation of various forms of international cooperation in several countries such as New York University, Utrecht University, National University of Malaysia, Hankuk University, and Jawaharlal Nehru University. In this event APPTHI collaborated with the international program organizer, PASQAPRO. For the activities of The First APPTHI International Conference on Changing Law, The Series, involving campuses as co-hosts in Jakarta (hosted by Trisakti University), including: Jakarta Islamic University, Universitas Suryakancana, cianjur, Lampung Mitra University, Palembang Law School STIHPADA, Islamic University Jakarta, Muhamadiyah University Jakarta, YARSI University, National University, Borobudur University, while co-hosted in Makassar (Host Indonesian Muslim University): Panca Bakti University, West Kalimantan, Sawerigading University, Christian University of Paulus, Makasar, Universitas Juanda, Bogor and Seventeen August University (UNTAG) Semarang, for Bali with the host university Warmadewa, assisted by co-hosts including: Caritas College of Law, Papua. Hopefully this conference will not only be a scientific forum for APPTHI members and various foreign partner universities by providing outputs in the form of indexed proceedings and journals, but also an event that will contribute thoughts in the field of law for the Indonesian government in conducting studies on legal changes positively as well as being a think tank for the formation of state laws and policies.

The last decade has witnessed a particularly intensive debate over methodological issues in legal theory. The publication of Julie Dickson's Evaluation and Legal Theory (2001) was significant, as were collective returns to H.L.A. Hart's 'Postscript' to The Concept of Law. While influential articles have been written in disparate journals, no single collection of the most important papers exists. This volume - the first in a three volume series - aims not only to fill that gap but also propose a systematic agenda for future work. The editors have selected articles written by leading legal theorists, including, among others, Leslie Green, Brian Leiter, Joseph Raz, Ronald Dworkin, and William Twining, and organized under four broad categories: 1) problems and purposes of legal theory; 2) the role of epistemology and semantics in theorising about the nature of law; 3) the relation between morality and legal theory; and 4) the scope of phenomena a general jurisprudence ought to address.

The book proposes a new approach to constitutional analysis of the EU and its legal framework, arguing that the existence of constitutional rights norms within EU law enables this particular legal order to respond effectively to societal and political challenges within the rigidity of constitutionalism. Providing new perspectives on constitutionalism in the EU, this book considers the way the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) discusses and applies the EU citizenship Treaty norms by analysing the courts approach to decision making, which resembles the balancing and weighing of conflicting principles.

Introduction to Critical Legal Theory provides an accessible introduction to the study of law and legal theory. It covers all the seminal movements in classical, modern and postmodern legal thought, engaging the reader with the ideas of jurists as diverse as Aristotle, Hobbes and Kant, Marx, Foucault and Dworkin. At the same time, it impresses the interdisciplinary nature of critical legal thought, introducing the reader to the philosophy, the economics and the politics of law. This new edition focuses even more intently upon the narrative aspect of critical legal thinking and the re-emergence of a distinctive legal humanism, as well as the various related challenges posed by our 'new' world order. Introduction to Critical Theory is a comprehensive text for both students and teachers of legal theory, jurisprudence and related subjects.

From the ancient beginnings of Western legal tradition, law has been conceived as traversed by a fundamental tension between power (will) and reason. This volume examines the tension between these two poles, 'ratio and voluntas' in modern law. Part I focuses on three instructive phases in the history of the law's ratio. Part II examines the way legal scholarship, especially doctrinal research (legal dogmatics), can and should contribute to the law's coherence. Part III explores the role of constitutional law in managing the tension between law's voluntas and ratio. The final chapter discusses the implications the growth of transnational law may have on the relationship between ratio and voluntas. The study builds on the views of the distinctive features of the ideal-typical mature modern legal system as presented in the author's previous work, Critical Legal Positivism (Ashgate 2002).

Two key regional organisations in the Caribbean, the Caribbean Community and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, had their roles fundamentally expanded in 2001 by treaties that developed a single market and a regional court. This book sets out the new roles of these organisations and their impact on regional integration in the Caribbean.