The study of science, sometimes referred to as metascience, is a new and growing field that includes the philosophy of science, history of science, sociology of science, and anthropology of science. In the last ten years, the formal study of the psychology of science has also emerged. The psychology of science focuses on the individual scientist, influenced by intelligence, motivation, personality, and the development of scientific interest, thought, ability, and achievement over a lifespan. Science can be defined as explicitly and systematically testing hypotheses. Defined more broadly, science includes wider processes, such as theory construction and the hypothesis testing seen in children and "non-scientific" adults. Most prior work in the study of science has emphasized the role of explicit reasoning; however, contemporary research in psychology emphasizes the importance of implicit processes in decision-making and choice and assumes that the performance of many tasks involves a complex relationship between implicit and explicit processes. Psychology of Science brings together contributions from leaders in the emerging discipline of the psychology of science with other experts on the roles of implicit and explicit processes in thinking. Highlighting the role of implicit processes in the creation of scientific knowledge, this volume links the psychology of science to many strands of psychology , including cognitive, social, and developmental psychology, as well as neuroscience. Ultimately, this volume raises awareness of the psychology of science among psychologists, philosophers, and sociologists of science, and anyone interested in the metasciences.

Positive psychology has its origin in the first decade of the twenty-first century. The present era is full of hustle and bustle, tension, strains and stresses, anxiety, conflicts, frustration and maladjustment, which have made the life of a human being a miserable one. Psychology is not limited to the study of human behaviour; but its scope has widened to the human welfare. Psychologists are trying to make the life of a man mentally healthy, happy and worth living. Positive psychology is the outcome of all these adversaries which are being faced by a person in these days of fast life and high level competition. Researches are being conducted in the areas of psychological well-being, emotional intelligence, locus of control, self-efficacy and various other topics which are related with the welfare of an individual and which are concerned with his mental and emotional health. Positive psychology lays more emphasis on inculcating positive behaviour among human beings. Positivity of behaviour means developing positive thinking, positive attitude and positive actions. The present book “POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: SOME EMPIRICAL INDIAN STUDIES” has been devised and prepared from this angle. The editor of this book has highlighted the research studies of his PhD students who have completed their research projects during the last two decades under his supervision. All these research problems are related with the different areas of positive psychology. The purpose of this endeavor is to acquaint the readers of this book with the latest researches being conducted in these days in India. Moreover the future research students working in these different areas of Education, Psychology and Physical Education will get benefit out of the conclusions drawn in these studies, especially in the selection of their research problems. Other scholars will also find the recommendations made in these studies useful to them in their lives. The editor of this book is thankful to all his PhD students who have permitted him to quote their research findings and bring out their research work in a book form, as it has highlighted their genuine work completed under his guidance. He will be failing in his duty if he does not thank Mr. Chander Mani Gosain, Prop. Of Friends Publication, New Delhi who has attempted to give a beautiful shape to this book. The writings of this book will advance the knowledge in the field of Psychology and Education. This book is dedicated to all his students and friends who have showered him with their love and affection, which is a source of

The Most Important Knowledge and Findings The central ideas behind the books on brain psychology and linguistic brain therapy are aimed at helping psychologists, psychiatrists, therapists, health workers, family members, and clients gain knowledge and methods to reduce or eliminate mental disorders. This leads to a better life for clients and more secure, satisfied therapists. Therapists and psychologists who achieve good results can confidently continue their treatment as before, while gaining a scientific understanding of the mental changes in their clients as they improve from the treatment. Therapists who are not as successful can now acquire scientifically grounded knowledge on how to achieve better outcomes. Family members will gain knowledge about mental disorders, enabling them to more effectively help their children. Those suffering from mental disorders can acquire knowledge and techniques that can alleviate their condition and create a life with less mental pain. These goals are achievable because the books on brain psychology and linguistic brain therapy contain scientific knowledge about the mental constructs that anchor and trigger mental distress or well-being. They also provide insights into how to protect against mental pain and manage it in the best possible way." The Significance of Research Early in my therapeutic practice, several clients achieved amazing results that psychology could not explain. This led to the initiation of an extensive research project. The research was met with skepticism, as many believed it was impossible to investigate what After 9 years of analyzing mental processes in clients, I discovered how mental disorders are mentally constructed and the mental changes clients experience when they improve from treatment. One conclusion was that all mental disorders can be cured using words, though it may take time. These findings represented a solution to challenges that psychology and psychiatry had been trying to solve for over 150 years. Significant Discoveries: I found that mental disorders are mentally constructed more simply than previously believed by researchers, psychologists, and psychiatrists. It is possible to investigate mental processes leading to mental distress and the experience of mental distress solely through words. Mental well-being and mental disorders are constructed of the same mental or mental-biological material, and in the same manner, allowing the same methods to be used to treat mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia, as well as to develop mental well-being and skills." "I Now Know for Sure I am now certain that knowledge of brain psychology and linguistic therapy can lead those with mental distress to take more control over their emotions and mental problems. Additionally, psychologists and health workers can treat clients with greater scientific certainty and predictability, achieving faster and better results. The most reliable evidence of this includes success stories from clients, comments from international scientific journals, and observations from colleagues who have observed my work with students' mental distress over many years. After 30 years of research and treating more than 1000 clients, I am convinced that linguistic brain therapy not only helps individuals but also enables those who have studied the books to help others, whether as clients, parents, leaders, trainers, or other psychologists. For more information, visit the website: www.brainpsychology.pro." "Simple, but not Easy The book 'Linguistic Brain Therapy' explains how to treat clients in a way that helps them become mentally stronger, feel better about themselves, and more effectively take control of their lives. "The Books Offer the Necessary Knowledge The book on the Psychology of the Brain provides the essential knowledge needed to understand what happens mentally during the development of mental disorders. 'Linguistic Brain Therapy', based on Brain Psychology knowledge, guides therapists, consultants, leaders, parents, and health workers on how to treat clients and assist both themselves and others. For more information, you can read my doctoral dissertation on mental distress and mental change, available at the University Library in Oslo. Are These Claims True? The books on brain psychology and linguistic brain therapy are the strongest evidence supporting the claims mentioned above. Practical evidence like success stories from clients, and research findings will be shared on my websites in the future: www.brainpsychology.pro If you are facing mental challenges, whether as a scientist, someone experiencing mental distress, an athlete, as a health worker or in any other role where you feel you are not coping well, you may explore brain psychology and linguistic therapy for help. These books can provide you and others with a better life for many years. The books focus on positive emotions , on mental resources, and how the clients can cope better with mental disorders, and on how to treat light mental disorders and more heavy mental ailments.

The Routledge International Handbook of Legal and Investigative Psychology explores contemporary topics in psychological science, applying them to investigative and legal procedures. Written by recognized scholars from around the globe, this book brings together current research, emerging trends, and cutting-edge debates in a single comprehensive and authoritative volume. Drawing from both research and practice, this handbook highlights many important issues such as: how to investigate and prosecute rape; the value of emotional affect in homicide investigations; and factors affecting jurors’ and suspects’ decision making. By considering current research, the authors inform both legal and investigative professionals of findings that are of direct relevance to them, and the steps that can be taken to improve efficiency. This collection will inform investigative and legal professionals, advanced psychology students, academics, researchers, and policy makers. It will also be of great interest to researchers from other disciplines, including criminology, policing, and law.

This informative volume presents the first comprehensive review of research and theory on dual-process models of social information processing. These models distinguish between qualitatively different modes of information processing in making decisions and solving problems (e.g., associative versus rule-based, controlled versus uncontrolled, and affective versus cognitive modes). Leading contributors review the basic assumptions of these approaches and review the ways they have been applied and tested in such areas as attitudes, stereotyping, person perception, memory, and judgment. Also examined are the relationships between different sets of processing modes, the factors that determine their utilization, and how they work in combination to affect responses to social information.

Written by an international team of expert contributors, this unique global and authoritative survey explores in full but accessible detail the basic constructs and concepts of modern sport and exercise psychology and their practical application. The book consists of 62 chapters, written by 144 contributors, deriving from 24 countries across the world. The chapters are arranged in nine cohesive sections: sport and exercise participants; the influence of environments on sport and exercise; motor skills; performance enhancement; building and leading teams; career, life skills and character development; health and well-being enhancement; clinical issues in sport psychology; and professional development and practice. Each chapter contains chapter summaries and objectives, learning aids, questions, exercises and references for further reading. Its comprehensive scale and global reach make this volume an essential companion for students, instructors and researchers in sport science, sport and exercise psychology, psychology, and physical education. It will also prove invaluable for coaches and health education practitioners.

In the era of COVID-19, many people have suffered high levels of stress and mental health problems. To cope with the widespread of suffering (physical, psychological, social, and economical) the positive psychology of personal happiness is no longer the sole approach to examine personal wellbeing. Other approaches such as Viktor Frankl’s theory of self-transcendence provide a promising framework for research and intervention on how to achieve resilience, wellbeing, and happiness through overcoming suffering and self-transcendence. The existential positive psychology of suffering complements the positive psychology of happiness, which is championed by Martin Seligman, as two equal halves of the circle of wellbeing and optimal mental health. This Research Topic aims to examine the different approaches to Positive Psychology and their influence on individual wellbeing during the COVID-19 era. One of the exciting development in the positive psychology of wellbeing is the mounting research on the adaptive benefits of negative emotions, such as shame, guilt, and anger, as well as the dialectical process of balancing negative and positive emotions. As an example, based on all the empirical research and Frankl’s self-transcendence model, Wong has developed the existential positive psychology of suffering (PP2.0) as the foundation for flourishing. Here are a few main tenets of PP2.0: (1) Life is suffering and a constant struggle throughout every stage of development, (2) The search for self-transcendence is a primary motive guided by the meaning mindset and mindful mindset. (3) Wellbeing cannot be sustainable without overcoming and transforming suffering. In this Research Topic we welcome diverse approaches discussing the following points: • The dialectic process of overcoming the challenges of every stage of development as necessary for personal growth and self-transcendence; • The role of self-transcendence in resilience, virtue, meaning, and happiness; • The upside of negative emotions; • The new science of resilience based on cultivating the resilient mindset and character; • How to make the best use of suffering to achieve out potentials & mental health.

Edited by high caliber experts, and contributed to by quality researchers and practitioners in psychology and related fields. Includes over 500 topical entries Each entry features suggested readings and extensive cross-referencing Accessible to students and general readers Edited by two outstanding scholars and clinicians

The Extending Knowledge and Skills series is a fresh approach to A Level Psychology, designed for greater demands of the new AQA specification and assessment, and especially written to stretch and challenge students aiming for higher grades. Dealing with the optional topic of AQA’s Paper 3: Schizophrenia, this book is deliberately laid out with the assessment objectives in mind, from AO1: Knowledge and understanding material, followed by AO2: Application material, to AO3: Evaluation and analysis material. Providing the most in-depth, accessible coverage available of individual topics in Paper 3, the text is packed full of pedagogical features, including: Question Time features to ensure that the reader is consistently challenged throughout the book. New research sections clearly distinct within each chapter to ensure readers have access to the most cutting-edge material. A clear focus on the assessment objectives for the paper topic to ensure readers know when and where to apply knowledge. The use of example answers with examiner style comments to provide greater insight into how to/how not to answer exam questions. An engaging, relevant and challenging text that broadens student understanding beyond that of the average textbook, this is the essential companion for any student taking the AQA A Level Paper 3 in Psychology.

Understanding Critical Social Psychology is an exciting new textbook providing a comprehensive and reader-friendly approach to the theories and methods surrounding Critical Social Psychology. This book combines a critical examination of the traditional philosophies, practices and topics with an emphasis on introducing innovative and contemporary developments in social psychological research. In this way, Tuffin integrates newer insights with established modes of thinking.