The purpose of this book is to supply Wagner lovers with a single work which shall meet all their needs. The author has told the story of Wagner's life, explained his artistic aims, given the history of each of his great works, examined its literary sources, shown how Wagner utilised them, surveyed the musical plan of each drama, and set forth the meaning and purpose of its principal ideas. The work is not intended to be critical, but is designed to be expository. It aims to help the Wagner lover to a thorough knowledge and understanding of the man and his works. The author has consulted all the leading biographies, and for guidance in the direction of absolute trustworthiness he is directly indebted to Mme. Cosima Wagner, whose suggestions have been carefully observed. He is also under a large, but not heavy, burden of obligation to Mr. Henry Edward Krehbiel, musical critic of The New York Tribune, who carefully read the manuscript of this work and pointed out its errors. The value of Mr. Krehbiel's revision and his hints cannot be over-estimated. Thanks are also due to Mr. Emil Paur, conductor of the Philharmonic Society, of New York, for certain inquiries made in Europe. The records of first performances have been prepared with great care and with no little labour. For the dates of those at most of the European cities the author is indebted to an elaborate article by E. Kastner, published in the Allgemeine Musik. Zeitung, of Berlin, for July and August, 1896. The original casts have been secured, as far as possible, from the programmes. For that of the "Flying Dutchman" at Dresden—incorrectly given in many books on Wagner—the author is indebted to Hofkapellmeister Ernst von Schuch, who obtained it from the records of the Hoftheater. The name of the singer of the Herald in the first cast of "Lohengrin," missing in all the published histories, was supplied by Hermann Wolff, of Berlin, from the records of Weimar. The casts of first performances in this country are not quite complete, simply because the journalists of twenty-five years ago did not realise their obligations to posterity. The casts were not published in full. The records have disappeared. The theatres in some cases—as in that of the Stadt—have long ago gone out of existence and nothing can be done. As far as given the casts are, the author believes, perfectly correct.

"Why produce another biography of Wagner? There are a number of answers to this question. In the first place, the archives are being opened and new documents are appearing all the time. Dr von Westernhagen, a scholar who has devoted his life to Wagner, has produced the only general biography on this scale which is truly up-to-date in making use of this fresh archive material. In the second place, there is a need for a biography which focuses on Wagner's artistic achievements. In recent years Wagner has become a 'problematic' figure, largely because recent biographies have concentrated on his anti-Semitism, his egoism and his sexual life, and have presented the picture of an implausible scoundrel who by chance also wrote some music dramas. Westernhagen's approach is much more positive: his starting point is the importance and the supreme greatness of Wagner's artistry. This is therefore a positive biography, which combines an appropriate largeness of scale with factual accuracy and familiarity with the source documents. Dr von Westernhagen quotes extensively from letters and diaries to throw light, for example, on Wagner's relationship with Cosima, his idea of emigrating to America, his estrangement from Nietzsche (and the way this was later wilfully misrepresented by Nietzsche's sister, Elisabeth), and the later years as they are reflected in the so-called Brown Book, a notebook for the years 1865-82 which Wagner kept for Cosima and which was first published only in 1975. The author has also consulted the composition exercises which Wagner wrote in his teens for his teacher Theodor Weinlig, and the contents of the composer's Dresden library help to establish what were the early intellectual influences upon him. This biography concentrates on the nature of Wagner's art, its development, its achievement: the way, for instance, that Wagner was able to keep many projects in mind simultaneously, all of them dovetailing into one another with an inexorable logic. Particularly useful features of this study are the appendices which include a chronological summary of Wagner's life, a complete list of his musical and literary compositions and an up-to-date bibliography. This is a definitive biography which will stand beside Newman's classic work as an indispensable reference book for all future studies of Wagner, and a judicious account for those approaching this fascinating life story for the first time." --Dust jacket.

Newman's Life of Wagner, published between 1933 and 1947, the culmination of forty years' research, is a classic biography.

A review and record of current literature.