Updated to include recent developments, this book examines health care policy in 1990s Britain, and analyses the radical changes experienced by the NHS.

This paper is the Department of Health's full response to the NHS Future Forum report, detailing its proposed changes to its plans for the modernisation of health and social care. The key changes fall under several headings: overall responsibility for the NHS; clinical advice and leadership; public accountability and patient involvement; choice and competition; developing the healthcare workforce; and the timetable for change.

In the sixth edition of this work John Fry has reverted to the format of the earlier editions published in 1965, 1970 and 1973 and has presented statistical data drawn widely from many sources. General practice in the United Kingdom and elsewhere throughout the world has undergone many changes in the past decade. This new edition brings the available statistical informa tion up to date and indicates the way ahead. General practice, the College and the National Health Service have been closely linked in effecting change. The membership of the College con tinues to grow and its influence in changing the face of general practice in the United Kingdom is significant. John Fry's new book presents that characteristic blend of fact and personal opinion which was so successful in earlier editions and so valuable to general practice and others in primary health care. Once again he has shown what can be achieved by one man based on his own work and those of others in general practice. John Lawson RCGP, 1983 President of the Royal College of General Practitioners vi Preface The Present State and Future Needs series had its roots in the dark days of the early 1960s when morale in general practice was low and when numbers of new entrants were actually going down. They were the days of mass emigration of doctors from Britain and the National Health Service. The fourth and fifth editions were entitled Trends in General Practice (1977 and 1979).

The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered ethics to the forefront of both medical education and public discourse. In addition to illuminating persistent moral questions about fairness, access to healthcare, and citizens' responsibilities to one another's well-being, the pandemic emerged within the context of profound social divisions and disagreements regarding core values. This book explores subjects that have been accorded less attention, such as the implications of surveillance, the moral dimensions of conspiracy theories, and the moral distress and injury that have led many healthcare professionals to rethink their vocation. Each chapter of the volume presents the background and research surrounding specific moral dilemmas, e.g., school closures, rationing, privacy, and surveillance. These issues are subsequently examined within the context of various ethical models, including utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, moral foundations theory, principlism, Rawls's theory of justice, and communitarianism. The book will be beneficial to students of health professions, philosophy, bioethics, and for those who value informed citizenship.

Although in 2011-12 there was a surplus of £2.1 billion across the NHS as a whole, there is also some financial distress, particularly in some hospital trusts. In the long term, achieving financially sustainable healthcare is likely to mean changes to how and where people access services, and some local commissioners are already consulting on and developing plans to do this. Currently, some organisations have relied on additional financial support from within the NHS. 10 NHS trusts, 21 NHS foundation trusts, and three Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) have reported a combined deficit of £356 million. There are four foundation trusts and 17 NHS trusts which between 2006-07 and 2011-12 needed injections of working capital from the Department of Health totalling £1 billion. The Department anticipates that NHS trusts and NHS foundation trusts are likely to need around £300 million more public dividend capital in 2012-13. 51 per cent of PCTs reported concern about the financial sustainability of their healthcare providers. Previously, PCTs and Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs) have been able to support otherwise weak providers. It is not yet clear whether clinical commissioning groups and the NHS Commissioning Board will agree to provide financial support to providers in this way. The NAO concludes that it is hard to see how continuing to give financial support to organisations in difficulty will be a sustainable way of reconciling growing demand for healthcare with the size of efficiency gains required within the NHS

This accessible text covers the entirety of General Practice and the General Practitioner, from student to retirement and from the beginning of the NHS to the present day. It provides a comprehensive historical overview representing both academic and front-line perspectives, describing what has changed, beneficial or otherwise, as the specialty has evolved. The details within each chapter represent the views of the average working British GP and illustrate how the changes over the decades have impacted patient care and its delivery. The perspective often differs from that which prevails in many academic tomes on the subject. The topics covered, from the primary care team, changes to out-of-hours provision, the impact of IT, training, and regulation, to the future of General Practice, will be essential reading for all doctors considering a career in the specialty and will also be of interest to GP vocational training scheme course organisers and trainers, overseas medical educators and healthcare policy makers, social and medical historians, and the general public.

This book discusses how digital technology and demographic changes are transforming the patient experience, services, provision, and planning of health and social care. It presents innovative ergonomics research and human factors approaches to improving safety, working conditions and quality of life for both patients and healthcare workers. Personalized medicine, mobile and wearable technologies, and the greater availability of health data are discussed, together with challenges and evidence-based practice. Based on the Healthcare Ergonomics and Patient Safety conference, HEPS2019, held on July 3-5, 2019, in Lisbon, Portugal, this book offers a timely resource for graduate students and researchers, as well as for healthcare professionals managing service provision, planners and designers for healthcare buildings and environments, and international healthcare organizations.

As the world is gripped by the coronavirus pandemic, all eyes in the UK have been on our NHS heroes. But where did they come from? Why do we have such a unique free at the point of use healthcare system? How has this benefitted British society? And how does healthcare in other countries work? Going back to pre-history, we will take a look at epidemics and pandemics through the ages and how they have consistently nudged healthcare policy toward a more social model. They say a measure of civilised society is how it provides for its citizens, and the NHS has been the backbone of Great Britain for the best part of a century. As well as looking at its origins and counterparts in other countries, we will take a look at how the Covid-19 pandemic has been handled, and what the future of social healthcare might be across the globe.