A journal of historic and pre-historic antiquities.

A comprehensive exploration of the Middle Eastern roots of Western narrative tradition. Against the methodological backdrop of historical and comparative folk narrative research, 101 Middle Eastern Tales and Their Impact on Western Oral Tradition surveys the history, dissemination, and characteristics of over one hundred narratives transmitted to Western tradition from or by the Middle Eastern Muslim literatures (i.e., authored written works in Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman Turkish). For a tale to be included, Ulrich Marzolph considered two criteria: that the tale originates from or at least was transmitted by a Middle Eastern source, and that it was recorded from a Western narrator's oral performance in the course of the nineteenth or twentieth century. The rationale behind these restrictive definitions is predicated on Marzolph's main concern with the long-lasting effect that some of the "Oriental" narratives exercised in Western popular tradition—those tales that have withstood the test of time. Marzolph focuses on the originally "Oriental" tales that became part and parcel of modern Western oral tradition. Since antiquity, the "Orient" constitutes the quintessential Other vis-à-vis the European cultures. While delineation against this Other served to define and reassure the Self, the "Orient" also constituted a constant source of fascination, attraction, and inspiration. Through oral retellings, numerous tales from Muslim tradition became an integral part of European oral and written tradition in the form of learned treatises, medieval sermons, late medieval fabliaux, early modern chapbooks, contemporary magazines, and more. In present times, when national narcissisms often acquire the status of strongholds delineating the Us against the Other, it is imperative to distinguish, document, visualize, and discuss the extent to which the West is not only indebted to the Muslim world but also shares common features with Muslim narrative tradition. 101 Middle Eastern Tales and Their Impact on Western Oral Tradition is an important contribution to this debate and a vital work for scholars, students, and readers of folklore and fairy tales.

Soon after birth, tiger cubs are instinctively drawn to wrestling. Eventually their play transforms into real skills of potentially lethal efficiency. Humans have done the same. In this anthology, you will find unique combative techniques found in some cultures as well as some techniques that are universal. Allen Pittman gives a portrayal of Dr. Tim Geoghegan’s particular blend of Eastern and Western wrestling, and his formidable arsenal for grappling and throwing. In anther chapter, Pittman focuses on the shoulder throw. The technical variations seem endless for this valued movement. Steve Scott illustrates the cross-body armlock according to skills he hopes will give readers a better understanding and mastery of this armlock. His following chapter shows a rare Russian technique. Known as the Kharbarelli Pick-up, it is a good example of how different cultures and their unique grappling traditions have been adopted outside their original location. The chapter on the carotid choke is presented from the perspectives of a martial arts instructor and that of a physician. The application, effects, and ramifications of drug usage and mental state are discussed in detail. Tim Cartmell explains the key concepts of “sticking and following” as they apply to throwing methods found in Chinese xingyi, taiji and bagua. The concepts are explained and illustrated with examples of sample techniques. David Allen’s writes on the Mongolian Nadaam Festival. Athletes from all over the country assemble to compete in horse racing, archery, and wrestling. Mongolian wrestling is probably the least watched martial art in the world. The author’s photo exposé brings the festival to us. The chapter by Burdick, Wolske and Daneshagar gives us a rare view into the Persian grappling tradition. Iran’s national sport is the strength training system found in the “house of strength,” where bodybuilders and wrestlers are steeped in both Zarathrushran and Islamic traditions. The following chapter by Zhang Yun is on the throwing art of Shuai Jiao. It includes: history and development, analysis of fighting principles, details of hand and footwork, body movement, training methods, training equipment, relationship with other Chinese styles, and demonstrations of applications. The final article focuses on sumo with some parallels being drawn between sumo and mixed martial arts. Techniques and tactics are presented so readers might add some of these sumo moves to their own martial arts repertoire.