Pharmacological biotechnology is applied to and used to study drug development, working mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapies. This textbook covers the whole range of experiments related to pharmacology. It also contains basic laboratory safety guidelines along with the basic calculations and formulas used in a laboratory. Each chapter starts with an introduction/theory into the basic approach followed by detailed methods sections with easy-to-follow protocols and comprehensive troubleshooting, calculations and possible questions for examination. The target group is researchers who are studying pharmacological biotechnology in the laboratory.

This textbook provides practical guidelines on conducting experiments across the entire spectrum of environmental biotechnology. It opens with general information on laboratory safety, rules and regulations, as well as a description of various equipment commonly used in environmental laboratories. It then discusses in detail the major experiments in basic and advanced environmental studies, including the analysis of water and soil samples; the isolation, culture, and biochemical characterization of microbes; and plant tissue culture techniques and nutrient analyses. Each chapter features detailed method sections and easy-to-follow protocols, and offers guidance on calculations and formulas, as well as illustrative flow charts to assist with troubleshooting for each experiment. Given its scope, the book is an invaluable aid for laboratory researchers studying environmental biotechnology, and a rich source of information and advice for advanced undergraduates and graduates in the fields of environmental science and biotechnology.

"A lot of hard-won knowledge is laid out here in a brief but informative way. Every topic is well referenced, with citations from both the primary literature and relevant resources from the internet." Review from Nature Chemical Biology Written by the founders of the SPARK program at Stanford University, this book is a practical guide designed for professors, students and clinicians at academic research institutions who are interested in learning more about the drug development process and how to help their discoveries become the novel drugs of the future. Often many potentially transformative basic science discoveries are not pursued because they are deemed ‘too early’ to attract industry interest. There are simple, relatively cost-effective things that academic researchers can do to advance their findings to the point that they can be tested in the clinic or attract more industry interest. Each chapter broadly discusses an important topic in drug development, from preclinical work in assay design through clinical trial design, regulatory issues and marketing assessments. After the practical overview provided here, the reader is encouraged to consult more detailed texts on specific topics of interest. "I would actually welcome it if this book’s intended audience were broadened even more. Younger scientists starting out in the drug industry would benefit from reading it and getting some early exposure to parts of the process that they’ll eventually have to understand. Journalists covering the industry (especially the small startup companies) will find this book a good reality check for many an over-hopeful press release. Even advanced investors who might want to know what really happens in the labs will find information here that might otherwise be difficult to track down in such a concentrated form."

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics in cancer research requires an understanding of the many possibilities that NMR metabolomics can offer, as well as of the specific characteristics of the cancer metabolic phenotype and the open questions in cancer research. NMR metabolomics in cancer research presents a detailed account of the NMR spectroscopy methods applied to metabolomics mixture analysis along with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. Following an overview of the potential use of NMR metabolomics in cancer research, the book begins with an examination of the cancer metabolic phenotype and experimental methodology, before moving on to cover data pre-processing and data analysis. Chapters in the latter part of the book look at dynamic metabolic profiling, biomarker discovery, and the application of NMR metabolomics for different types of cancer, before a concluding chapter discusses future perspectives in the field. - Focused description of NMR spectroscopy needed by cancer biologists who are starting to use metabolomics - Current overview of knowledge related to the cancer metabolic phenotype from the perspective of metabolomics applications - Information about the best practices in NMR metabolomics experimentation and data preprocessing as applied to different sample types

The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations, Third Edition: Volume Six, Sterile Products is an authoritative and practical guide to the art and science of formulating drugs for commercial manufacturing. With thoroughly revised and expanded content, this sixth volume of a six-volume set, compiles data from FDA and EMA new drug applications, patents and patent applications, and other sources of generic and proprietary formulations including author’s own experience, to cover the broad spectrum of cGMP formulations and issues in using these formulations in a commercial setting. A must-have collection for pharmaceutical manufacturers, educational institutions, and regulatory authorities, this is an excellent platform for drug companies to benchmark their products and for generic companies to formulate drugs coming off patent. Features:  Largest source of authoritative and practical formulations, cGMP compliance guidance and self-audit suggestions  Differs from other publications on formulation science in that it focuses on readily scalable commercial formulations that can be adopted for cGMP manufacturing  Tackles common difficulties in formulating drugs and presents details on stability testing, bioequivalence testing, and full compliance with drug product safety elements  Written by a well-recognized authority on drug and dosage form development including biological drugs and alternative medicines

With the appearance of methods for the sequencing of genomes and less expensive next generation sequencing methods, we face rapid advancements of the -omics technologies and plant biology studies: reverse and forward genetics, functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, the movement at distance of effectors and structural biology. From plant genomics to plant biotechnology reviews the recent advancements in the post-genomic era, discussing how different varieties respond to abiotic and biotic stresses, understanding the epigenetic control and epigenetic memory, the roles of non-coding RNAs, applicative uses of RNA silencing and RNA interference in plant physiology and in experimental transgenics and plants modified to specific aims. In the forthcoming years these advancements will support the production of plant varieties better suited to resist biotic and abiotic stresses, for food and non-food applications.This book covers these issues, showing how such technologies are influencing the plant field in sectors such as the selection of plant varieties and plant breeding, selection of optimum agronomic traits, stress-resistant varieties, improvement of plant fitness, improving crop yield, and non-food applications in the knowledge based bio-economy. - Discusses a broad range of applications: the examples originate from a variety of sectors (including in field studies, breeding, RNA regulation, pharmaceuticals and biotech) and a variety of scientific areas (such as bioinformatics, -omics sciences, epigenetics, and the agro-industry) - Provides a unique perspective on work normally performed 'behind closed doors'. As such, it presents an opportunity for those within the field to learn from each other, and for those on the 'outside' to see how different groups have approached key problems - Highlights the criteria used to compare and assess different approaches to solving problems. Shows the thinking process, practical limitations and any other considerations, aiding in the understanding of a deeper approach

Ocular transporters and receptors contains detailed descriptions of major transporters and receptors expressed in the eye, with special emphasis on their role in drug delivery. The complex anatomy and the existence of multiple barriers in the eye pose a considerable challenge to successful drug delivery to the eye. Hence ocular transporters and receptors are important targets for drug delivery. A significant advancement has been made in the field of ocular transport research and their role in drug delivery. In this book the cutting edge research being carried out in this field is compiled and summarized. The book focuses on key areas, including the anatomy and physiology of the eye, biology of ocular transporters and receptors, techniques in characterization of transporters and receptors, transporters and receptors in the anterior and posterior segment in the eye, the role of ocular transporters and receptors in drug delivery, and transporter-metabolism interplay in the eye. - Highly focused on ocular transporters - Most up-to-date research compilation - Detailed description of role of transporters and receptors in ocular drug discovery and delivery

Preformulation studies are the physical, chemical, and biological studies needed to characterize a drug substance for enabling the proper design of a drug product, whereas the effectiveness of a drug product is determined during the formulation studies phase. Though the two disciplines overlap in practice, each is a significantly distinct phase of

Marine bioprospecting is a highly topical subject - in both applied and basic research - but, as yet, the marine ecosystem is a relatively unexplored source of natural bioactive substances with potential therapeutic activity. This book addresses the use of marine enzymes in biocatalysis through a series of chapters from leading scientists within academic and industrial fields. Biocatalytic processes can take advantage of the habitat-related properties of marine enzymes, such as salt tolerance, hyperthermostability, barophilicity, cold adaptivity, and so on, whilst also taking into consideration substrate specificity and affinity. These evolved properties are linked to the metabolic functions of the enzymes and to the ecological aspects of the natural source. New properties can also be discovered at the molecular level of catalysis, particularly concerning the stereochemical characteristics of products.Marine enzymes for biocatalysis initially examines the nature and level of interest in marine biological diversity, and outlines the fundamentals of biocatalysis. It goes on to detail sources of marine enzymes, and to analyse examples from both chemical and stereochemical viewpoints of catalysis, including microbial enzymes and animal or plant sources. The book goes on to explore the future potential of marine bioprospecting in biocatalysis. - Compiles studies from leading scientists in a direct and accessible format. Includes practical descriptions of results, adding further details not often covered in formal articles - Takes a molecular view which fully explains the enzymatic aspects of reactions, particularly regarding biocatalytic characteristics and descriptions of bioprocesses - Selects examples of chemical and stereochemical aspects of enzymatic action with respect to known terrestrial counterparts

With decreasing profit margins, increasing cost pressures, growing regulatory compliance concerns, mounting pressure from generic drugs and increasing anxiety about the future of healthcare reimbursement, pharmaceutical manufacturers are now forced to re-examine and re-assess the way they have been doing things. In order to sustain profitability, these companies are looking to reduce waste (of all kinds), improve efficiency and increase productivity. Many of them are taking a closer look at lean manufacturing as a way to achieve these goals. Lean biomanufacturing re-visits lean principles and then applies them sympathetically - in a highly practical approach - to the specific needs of pharmaceutical processes, which present significantly different challenges to more mainstream manufacturing processes. A major goal of the book is to highlight those problems and issues that appear more specific or unique to biopharmaceutical manufacturing situations and to provide some insights into what challenges are the important ones to solve and what techniques, tools and mechanisms to employ to be successful.Following an introduction to lean biomanufacturing, the book goes on to discuss lean technologies and methods applied in biomanufacturing. Later chapters cover the creation and implementation of the Transition Plan, issues facing the biopharmaceutical industry, creating a lean approach towards biopharmaceutical processes and the contribution of simulation models in developing these processes. The final chapter covers examples of new technology innovations which help facilitate lean biomanufacturing. - A focus on the issues associated with the application of lean principles to biomanufacturing - Practical examples of factors which can affect biopharmaceutical processes - Coverage of key factors which require integration to run an efficient biopharmaceutical process