Much before states had discovered documents as an identification, they used different forms of writing on the body. There has been a long history of methods of Identification. Ancient methods of identification involved 'writing on the body, or branding, scarification and tattooing'. Partly because they had not discovered less invasive of marking, they restored to such writing with documents becoming an accepted way to record identities, various cards, certificates and others and other Identifications were used. However, these forms of writing never died out completely even after identification documents were discovered.

Blockchain for Real World Applications A comprehensive examination of blockchain architecture and its key characteristics Blockchain architecture is a way of recording data such that it cannot be altered or falsified. Data is recorded in a kind of digital ledger called a blockchain, copies of which are distributed and stored across a network of participating computer systems. With the advent of cryptocurrencies and NFTs, which are entirely predicated on blockchain technology, and the integration of blockchain architecture into online and high-security networked spaces more broadly, there has never been a greater need for software, network, and financial professionals to be familiar with this technology. Blockchain for Real World Applications provides a practical discussion of this subject and the key characteristics of blockchain architecture. It describes how blockchain technology gains its essential irreversibility and persistency and discusses how this technology can be applied to the information and security needs of different kinds of businesses. It offers a comprehensive overview of the ever-growing blockchain ecosystem and its burgeoning role in a connected world. Blockchain for Real World Applications readers will also find: Treatment of real-world applications such as ID management, encryption, network security, and more Discussion of the UID (Unique Identifier) and its benefits and drawbacks Detailed analysis of privacy issues such as unauthorized access and their possible blockchain-based solutions Blockchain for Real World Applications is a must for professionals in high-security industries, as well as for researchers in blockchain technologies and related areas.

In today's ever changing environment, digital marketing has become the fastest means to advertise a business and create a brand value online. It has proved to be the most effective method to increase the reach of the business and generate potential leads. Hence, the book is an attempt to explain the concept and digital marketing tools lucidly to help students gain in-depth knowledge of digital marketing and develop critical thinking towards the subject. Comprising 11 chapters, judiciously divided into five units, the book covers a full gamut of digital marketing from its introduction, opportunities and challenges, digital penetration in the Indian market, digital marketing mix, STP model, CRM in the digital world, role of Internet marketing, designing websites, traffic building, online advertising and direct marketing to the digital marketing tools to execute appropriate strategy. Besides, the text also explains popular types of interactive marketing concepts and the ethical and legal issues in India in relation to digital marketing. Primarily designed to cater to the needs of undergraduate students of commerce, as per the CBCS Scheme, the book will also be of immense value to the students of business administration. KEY FEATURES • Interesting facts to inspire students' curiosity. • Real-life case studies for easy grasping of the subject. • Chapter-end summary for quick recapitulation. • Review questions for practice. • Glossary to assist students to understand commonly used terms. • Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for self-assessment and evaluation. TARGET AUDIENCE • B.Com/B.Com (Hons) • BBA

Africa faces numerous challenges relating to good governance due to its vast and diverse landscape, as well as its history. This book explores the role of space-based applications in supporting African good governance by strengthening civil society, bolstering democratic processes and advancing socio-economic development. The increased use of such applications can accelerate Africa's progress towards the United Nations Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the African Union's Agenda 2063 aspirations This book examines key challenges facing governance within African to provide an accurate account of the current African context. It discusses specific examples of e-governance and digital solutions that leverage space-based technologies and have been successfully implemented in both the developed and developing world. In the context of the numerous satellite constellations being deployed to provide affordable Internet connectivity globally, it examines the major actors in this sector and presents additional governance solutions based on remote sensing and Earth observation data. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to professionals and students in the fields of development, governance and space studies.

The truth behind the Sham ID "Aadhaar" Hoax revealed and made public with incontrovertible documentary evidence. Ask the author for advice on problems posed by people asking for the Sham ID Aadhaar number for various purposes, such as, admitting your child in school, for opening a bank account, for obtaining a new mobile phone connection, for registering property etc. For advice please send email queries to info@thefifthestateworld.com Why are you told to laminate the acknowledgement letter you received from UIDAI informing you of allocation of the Sham ID number and use it as an ID card? Take out this Sham ID, called ‘Aadhaar card’. Then take out any other ID card you have, your driving license, or your voter ID. Compare these two – the Sham ID, called ‘Aadhaar card’ and your other ID. Find out for yourself the differences. Have spies, terrorists and illegal immigrants obtained Sham ID Aadhaar numbers? Do you know that Sham ID, called 'Aadhaar' is for all residents – citizens and non-citizens? Do you know that UIDAI cannot know whether the person enrolling in the Sham ID, called 'Aadhaar' is a citizen or not? If so, how can the Sham ID, called 'Aadhaar' be used as KYC norm for opening bank accounts? Do you know that biometric identification is impossible in large populations? Find out what scientific research by top US Academies found out about biometric identification. Find out why is UIDAI not allowing our investigating agencies, like CBI, to use the UIDAI database for investigation of crimes? Find out why UIDAI and Oil Companies are not using biometric identification of Sham ID, called 'Aadhaar' for LPG supplies but, are only using the Sham ID Aadhaar numbers?

This collection is a multidisciplinary and multicultural contribution to the current sustainability discourse. It is focused on two main dimensions of our world: complexity and diversity. Desirable and urgent transition of socio-technological systems toward a sustainability trajectory of development requires a better understanding of technological trends and social transformations. General advancement of technology does not produce identical changes in various societies, differentiated economically and culturally. Moreover, the abilities to approach sustainable development change over time and space. As a result there is a constant need for continuing research, analyses, and discussions concerning changing contexts and adequacy of strategies and policies. Authors from twelve countries and of different academic and cultural settings present their insights, analyses and recommendations. The collection is focused both on contexts and on activities leading to sustainable trajectories in various domains of economy and social life. Continuing research and discussion is needed to better understand these challenges and to prepare the appropriate strategies and solutions. Development of socio-technological systems is nowadays very complex; moreover, the world we live in is extremely diverse. Therefore, sustainability discourse must be ongoing, introducing new ideas, concepts, theories, evidence and experience by various parties—academics, professionals, and practitioners.

UPSC is considered to be the most prestigious and toughest examination in the country. In order to crack these exams one need to do heavy preparations, thorough practice and clear concepts about each and every subject. “IAS Mains General Studies Paper – 2” the most updated study material incorporated with detailed information and supported by up-to-date facts and figures. The complete coverage on each topic of the syllabus have been divided into 4 Important Units in this book. It gives the complete depiction of Governance, Constitutional, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations. This book facilitates by giving the deep coverage on all topics of the syllabus at one place with the conceptual clarity to fulfil the need and demands of the aspirants, special exam oriented structure has been given according to the UPSC syllabus, discussion of the theoretical concepts with the contemporary examples are given, Solved Papers from Solved Papers [2019-17 and 16] and UPSC Practice Papers that helps in raising up level of preparation. This book acts as a great help in achieving the success for the upcoming exam. TABLE OF CONTENTS Solved Papers 2019-17, Unit -1: Constitutional Framework, Unit -2: Indian Government and Political Dynamics, Unit -3: Governance, Unit -4: International Relations, UPSC Solved Paper 2016, UPSC Practice Papers.

As legal jurisdictions in the Global South, both India and South Africa have long histories of inequality and structural oppression. This book engages in comparative sociolegal analysis to examine the contours of social justice in both countries. It explores the role of law as an instrument for social change in the face of persistent conditions of injustice, discrimination, social exclusion, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. The book addresses newly emerging socio-legal challenges for the social justice continuum in a neoliberal era. Focusing on four key themes, it explores: · the challenges for labour law and social security including informalisation, climate change, and migrancy; · law, technology, and social justice, with a focus on the role that emerging technologies often play to ameliorate or exacerbate social exclusion; · sexual orientation, gender, and substantive equality, grappling with the disjuncture between law and lived realities; and · pedagogical approaches to legal education and social justice lawyering. Lucid and illuminating, this book will be of interest to academics, researchers, legal practitioners and social actors who are exploring legal strategies and developments to tackle comparative social justice challenges, especially in the Global South.

The thoroughly Revised & Update 2nd Edition of the book General Science & Technology for Civil Services PT & Mains, State PSC, CDS, NDA, SSC, & other UPSC Exams been designed with special focus on IAS Prelims & Main Exams. The book is prepared as per the trend of questions asked in previous years question papers of various UPSC/ State PSC/ SSC exams. • In nutshell the book consists of complete theory of Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Technology with MCQ Exercise including past questions of various exams. • The book also covers past questions of IAS Mains GS III and various State PSC exams. • The book also covers Technology in the development of India and its future prospects in the field of research. The part deals with Energy, Nuclear Technology, Information Technology, Space research, Communication and Defence. • The book is empowered with a variety of questions (Simple MCQs, Statement Based MCQs, Match the column MCQs, Assertion-Reason MCQs) and thus more than 3800 questions are included in the book. Solutions are also provided in the book. • Past MCQs of last ten year questions of various competitive exams have also been included in the book.