This volume contains state-of-the-art research papers on adaptive optics used outside the usual astronomical and military applications. It is the first book to cover this new area of research. One of the main industrial applications is in the control of laser wavefronts, and the book contains papers on both intra- and extra-laser cavity correction. The measurement and control of ocular aberrations is the major medical application, and the topics are discussed by leading researchers in the field. Papers on adaptive optics components specifically for non-astronomical systems are also presented. Other topics include laser communications, microscopy and low-cost systems.

This volume contains state-of-the-art research papers on adaptive optics used outside the usual astronomical and military applications. It is the first book to cover this new area of research. One of the main industrial applications is in the control of laser wavefronts, and the book contains papers on both intra- and extra-laser cavity correction. The measurement and control of ocular aberrations is the major medical application, and the topics are discussed by leading researchers in the field. Papers on adaptive optics components specifically for non-astronomical systems are also presented. Other topics include laser communications, microscopy and low-cost systems.

This proceedings volume presents the very latest developments in non-astronomical adaptive optics. This international workshop, the sixth in a biennial series, was the largest ever held and boasted significant involvement by industry. Adaptive optics is on the verge of being used in many products; indeed, at this meeting, the use of adaptive optics in DVD players was disclosed for the first time./a

The 4th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Me- cine took place in Munster, ̈ Germany, from October 19 to October 24, 2003. The series of International Workshops on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine beganwiththe?rstworkshopinShatura/Russiain1997,thesecond workshop took place in Durham/England in 1999, and the third workshop was held in Albuquerque/USA in 2001. The workshop series started out as a true grassroots movement and kept an informal spirit throughout all four workshops. Many personal friendships and scienti?c collaborations have been formed at these meetings. This fourth workshop was supposed to be held in Beijing, China. H- ever, the program committee decided in May 2003 to move the workshop to Munster ̈ due the general perception that the SARS (Severe Acute R- piratory Syndrome) cases reported in China could lead to a large epidemic. Despite this rather short notice the workshop in Munster ̈ was attended by about 70 people. Incidentally, the workshop coincided with the 50th anniv- sary of adaptive optics, because it was October 1953 when Horace Babcock published his famous paper “The possibilities of compensating astronomical seeing” in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Paci?c.

This comprehensive handbook gives a fully updated guide to lasers and laser technologies, including the complete range of their technical applications. The first volume outlines the fundamental components of lasers, their properties, and working principles. Key Features: • Offers a complete update of the original, bestselling work, including many brand-new chapters. • Deepens the introduction to fundamentals, from laser design and fabrication to host matrices for solid-state lasers, energy level diagrams, hosting materials, dopant energy levels, and lasers based on nonlinear effects. • Covers new laser types, including quantum cascade lasers, silicon-based lasers, titanium sapphire lasers, terahertz lasers, bismuth-doped fiber lasers, and diode-pumped alkali lasers. • Discusses the latest applications, e.g., lasers in microscopy, high-speed imaging, attosecond metrology, 3D printing, optical atomic clocks, time-resolved spectroscopy, polarization and profile measurements, pulse measurements, and laser-induced fluorescence detection. • Adds new sections on laser materials processing, laser spectroscopy, lasers in imaging, lasers in environmental sciences, and lasers in communications. This handbook is the ideal companion for scientists, engineers, and students working with lasers, including those in optics, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, and other relevant areas.

The use of image stabilization has grown to the point that it is now a common component of modern optical systems for imaging, communications, and remote-sensing applications. The benefits of image stabilization to astronomical research alone are so rich that it is common for astronomical telescopes, built over the last century, to be retrofitted with fast steering mirrors and tip-tilt sensors to extend their useful lifetimes. This text provides the basics of image stabilization starting with a consideration of the cause of image blurring and an introduction to the components commonly used in constructing a stabilized imaging system. With this foundation, an example image stabilized system is described and used to introduce some of the important parameters in evaluating the performance of image stabilization systems. As image stabilization systems are key components of adaptive optics systems, the more sophisticated sensing and correction devices used in this area are briefly addressed. Rather than being a mathematical, rigorous treatment of image stabilization, it provides the basic ideas in an easy-to-read format.

Recent progress in ICT has exceeded our expectations for meeting the requirement of multimedia society in the 21st century. The FSOC is considered to be one of the key technologies for realizing very high speed multi GbPs large-capacity terrestrial and aerospace communications. In FSOC, the optical beam propagation in the turbulent atmosphere is severely affected by various factors suspended in the channel. Wavefront aberration correcting with continuous beam alignment are the key requirements for a successful installation of an FSOC system which are the main contributions in our book. Establishment of FSOC setups, development of accurate weather station, measurement of atmospheric attenuation (Att) and turbulence strength (Cn2), development of new models to predict the Att and Cn2, design of Response Surface Model and Artificial Neural Network based on controller, implementation of neural-controller in FPGA and attaining the BER of 6.4x10^-9 during different outdoor environments. All the original contributions, newness, findings and experimental results etc., are reported in the book. Subject of work; Wireless Optical Communication. The content of the book can be referred by various application designers and/or academicians for working on FSOC transceiver design, laser cutting, laser metrology, laser surgery, beam focusing & pointing, beacon positioning and coupling etc. Further, all necessary MATLAB and VHDL codes are also given on appropriate pages for the readers' quick/ clear understanding.

Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.

This volume contains invited and contributed papers presented at the conference on ‘Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials’ held at the University of Cambridge on 2-5 April 2007. The event was organised under the auspices of the Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group of the Institute of Physics, the Royal Microscopical Society and the Materials Research Society. This international conference was the fifteenth in the series that focuses on the most recent world-wide advances in semiconductor studies carried out by all forms of microscopy and it attracted delegates from more than 20 countries. With the relentless evolution of advanced electronic devices into ever smaller nanoscale structures, the problem relating to the means by which device features can be visualised on this scale becomes more acute. This applies not only to the imaging of the general form of layers that may be present but also to the determination of composition and doping variations that are employed. In view of this scenario, the vital importance of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, together with X-ray and scanning probe approaches can immediately be seen. The conference featured developments in high resolution microscopy and nanoanalysis, including the exploitation of recently introduced aberration-corrected electron microscopes. All associated imaging and analytical techniques were demonstrated in studies including those of self-organised and quantum domain structures. Many analytical techniques based upon scanning probe microscopies were also much in evidence, together with more general applications of X-ray diffraction methods.