The book reviews the recent developments in brain imaging and their technological advancements to understand molecular mechanisms associated with neurological disorders and basic behaviors in humans and rodents at the structural, molecular, and functional levels. It discusses the usefulness of advanced optical microscopy techniques, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), miniscope, multiphoton fluorescence (2PF & 3PF), adaptive optics, harmonic generation, and Raman microscopy for understanding pathomechanism of brain disorders and pathological and physiological changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Also, the book presents conventional imaging modalities, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), for delineating underlying mechanisms and precise early diagnosis of neurological disorders. This book is a useful resource for neuroscientists and researchers working in biomedical engineering and optics.

In recent years, revolutionary technical advances have permitted neuroscientists to map the functioning of the brain in exquisite detail. Of interest are the new techniques that visually display cell energy metabolism which is coupled to functional brain activity in behaving animals. This is the first book dealing with the application of 2-deoxyglucose and related metabolic mapping techniques for brain imaging of behavioral and learning functions. Quantitative autoradiographic techniques based on the use of exogenous markers include radiolabeled glucose and its analogs, especially 2-deoxyglucose and fluorodeoxyglucose. Other mapping techniques are based on the histochemical staining of endogenous metabolic markers such as cytochrome oxidase, as well as immunohistochemistry for expression of c-fos genes. In spite of the great potential capabilities of the new imaging techniques, relatively few neuroscientists are using this approach to study brain functions related to behavior. There is a need to review state-of-the-art applications of these methods in behavioral neuroscience, and to formulate recommendations for future research in this area. This book is intended to fulfill these needs by bringing together leading neuroscientists using metabolic mapping approaches to elucidate brain mechanisms of behavior. Discussions are not limited to one animal species, but they cover a broad range of vertebrates with unique behavioral capabilities.

This thought-provoking collection details the work of five scientists who report some of the most recent findings in the field, review the relevant data in the literature, and place this research within a critical neuroscience context. Each chapter tells a fascinating story.

This book highlights the rapidly developing field of advanced optical methods for structural and functional brain imaging. As is known, the brain is the most poorly understood organ of a living body. It is indeed the most complex structure in the known universe and, thus, mapping of the brain has become one of the most exciting frontlines of contemporary research. Starting from the fundamentals of the brain, neurons and synapses, this book presents a streamlined and focused coverage of the core principles, theoretical and experimental approaches, and state-of-the-art applications of most of the currently used imaging methods in brain research. It presents contributions from international leaders on different photonics-based brain imaging modalities and techniques. Included are comprehensive descriptions of many of the technology driven spectacular advances made over the past few years that have allowed novel insights of the structural and functional details of neurons. The book is targeted at researchers, engineers and scientists who are working in the field of brain imaging, neuroscience and connectomics. Although this book is not intended to serve as a textbook, it will appeal to undergraduate students engaged in the specialization of brain imaging.

Following on from the success of Insights in Brain Imaging Methods: 2021, we would like to further celebrate the exceptional achievements made by scientists, leading to major advancements in the fast-growing field of neuroscience. You can find the 2021 edition here. Frontiers is continuing to organize a series of Research Topics to highlight the latest advancements in research across the field of neuroscience, with articles from the members of our accomplished Editorial Boards. This editorial initiative of particular relevance, led by Prof Vince D Calhoun, Specialty Chief Editor of the Brain Imaging Methods section, together with Professors Federico Giove and Xi-Nian Zuo, is focused on new insights, novel developments, current challenges, latest discoveries, recent advances, and future perspectives in the field of Brain Imaging Methods.

This book is designed to provide a foundation of information necessary to those wishing to integrate brain imaging into their practice or who seek more training. Information is provided to assist the clinician in interpreting images, determining which scans to order, and how images should be used in the clinic.

The brain is the most complex computational device we know, consisting of highly interacting and redundant networks of areas, supporting specific brain functions. The rules by which these areas organize themselves to perform specific computations have only now started to be uncovered. Advances in non-invasive neuroimaging technologies have revolutionized our understanding of the functional anatomy of cortical circuits in health and disease states, which is the focus of this book. The first section of this book focuses on methodological issues, such as combining functional MRI technology with other brain imaging modalities. The second section examines the application of brain neuroimaging to understand cognitive, visual, auditory, motor and decision-making networks, as well as neurological diseases. The use of non-invasive neuroimaging technologies will continue to stimulate an exponential growth in understanding basic brain processes, largely as a result of sustained advances in neuroimaging methods and applications.

Brain imaging has seen considerable advances over the recent years. Both developments and validation of advanced image acquisition techniques as well as post-processing and analyses pipelines contribute to contemporary imaging, including parallel imaging, (semi-)automated segmentation, generation of synthetic images, and application of machine learning and radiomics. Multi-modal approaches using structural, metabolic, and functional imaging are emerging to build a framework for a better understanding of anatomical features and physiological processes of the brain. This Research Topic intends to cover a broad theme, welcoming contributions spanning across the fields of (neuro)radiology, medical image analysis including machine learning, neurosurgery, and neurology, to reflect latest advances in the field of brain imaging. Original research, systematic / narrative / mini review, methods, perspective, clinical trial, case report, brief research report, general commentary, opinion, and technology and code manuscripts are welcome. A special focus is set on the following topics: - Multi-modal imaging (e.g., combination of structural, metabolic, molecular and functional imaging) - Utility of neuronavigation / virtual reality based on imaging data - Application of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and radiomics - Development of (semi-)automated image processing pipelines (e.g., segmentation algorithms) - Image acquisition acceleration / parallel imaging - Translational efforts that describe the transfer of advanced imaging approaches to the clinical setup and/or to a broader application in research - Emerging technology (e.g., mobile bedside MRI, functional ultrasound, magnetic particle imaging)