Karl LaGrand, 35, was executed on 24 February 1999. His brother Walter, 37, was executed on 3 March 1999; the Court had earlier issued an Order for provisional measures calling on the United States to "take all measures at its disposal" to ensure that Walter LaGrand was not executed pending a final decision in the proceedings instituted by Germany. Germany instituted proceedings against the United States on 2 March 1999, alleging violations of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 24 April 1963 with respect to the case of Karl and Walter LaGrand, two German nationals convicted of murder in Arizona. It maintains that they "were tried and sentenced to death without being advised of their rights to consular assistance," as required by the Convention.

This book examines the understudied, yet increasingly applied, concept of Guarantees of Non-Repetition under international human rights law and transitional justice. Guarantees of Non-Repetition (GNRs) are measures taken to ensure that human rights abuses do not recur. They are especially crucial in post-war contexts marked by severe and systematic violations. However, although they are increasingly invoked, GNRs are not well understood, and they have so far received only limited theoretical and practical analysis. Tracing their development to the influence of international human rights law, this book considers what GNRs are, how and why they have come about, and how GNRs are implemented. Through an explication of the history, law and jurisprudence of GNR’s – in regional mechanisms in Latin America, Europe, and Asia, as well as in international bodies – the book maintains the increasing importance, and as yet unfulfilled potential, of this legal obligation in transitional justice settings. This first book to analyse the development of GNRs and their application will appeal to scholars in the areas of law and transitional justice, public policy, and socio-legal studies, as well as lawyers and policy-makers working in post-conflict situations.

This Liber Amicorum appears on the occasion of Professor Vera Gowlland-Debbas' retirement from the Graduate Institute. It includes contributions by her colleagues and friends from distinguished universities and international institutions. It covers different fields in which she has excelled. This collective work is divided into three main sections. The first section examines matters concerning the law of the United Nations. The second section is devoted to human rights and international humanitarian law. The third section addresses issues related to law-making, compliance with international law and the peaceful settlement of disputes. The result is a collection of stimulating analysis of most of the topical problems of international law. The contributions are in both English and French.

Le mécanisme de règlement des différends de l’O.M.C. se distingue des autres juridictions internationales en ce qu’il comporte un ensemble sophistiqué de procédures spécifiquement et exclusivement destinées à traiter les désaccords pouvant surgir au cours de l’exécution de l’obligation qui résulte pour un Membre de la décision juridictionnelle qui déclare sa responsabilité. Leur existence même et la façon dont les organes de jugement s’acquittent de leur mission témoignent de ce que l’exécution des obligations résultant des actes juridictionnels dans l’ordre international n’échappe pas fatalement au droit. Ainsi, le système de l’O.M.C. exprime mais aussi réalise une ambition singulière en droit international : renforcer la garantie de la légalité en habilitant la juridiction à encadrer, contrôler, et, en définitive, participer à assurer l’exécution de ses propres décisions. The WTO dispute settlement system has created a sophisticated set of procedures designed with the sole purpose of dealing with all disagreements that can arise between the parties during the implementation process. The very existence of these procedures, and the manner in which the adjudicative bodies accomplish their task, give evidence of the fact that compliance with judgments in the international legal order does not inevitably lie outside the realm of the law. The WTO system thereby expresses but also fulfills a strong ambition, unique when considered through the lens of international law: strengthening the rule of law by vesting the adjudicative bodies with the task of supervising, reviewing, and ultimately contributing to inducing and enforcing compliance with their own judgments.

This collection of essays celebrating the work of Professor Marcelo Kohen brings together the leading scholars and practitioners of public international law from different continents and generations to explore some of the most challenging issues of contemporary international law. The volume is a testimony of esteem and friendship from colleagues and former students, and it covers a vast expanse, reflecting the width and diversity of Professor Kohen’s own contribution. Written in English, French and Spanish, the essays in this volume will appeal to a broad public of academics, practitioners and students of international law from around the world.

The Contribution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to the Rule of Law: 1996-2016 contains contributions from judges and former judges of the Tribunal, legal advisors, counsel, practitioners and scholars on the contribution made by the Tribunal to the rule of law and the progressive development of international law. Highlighting the role played by the Tribunal over the last 20 years in the system for the peaceful settlement of law of the sea related disputes, this volume will be a useful resource for all those interested in the law of the sea and dispute resolution. La contribution du Tribunal international du droit de la mer à l‘état de droit: 1996-2016 rassemble les contributions de juges et d’anciens juges du Tribunal, de conseillers juridiques, de conseils, de praticiens et d’universitaires sur la contribution du Tribunal à l’état de droit et au développement progressif du droit international. Mettant en lumière le rôle joué par le Tribunal au sein du système de règlement pacifique des différends relatifs au droit de la mer au cours des 20 dernières années, le présent volume sera une ressource utile pour tous ceux qui s’intéressent au droit de la mer et au règlement des différends.

The law of international responsibility is one of international law's core foundational topics. Written by international experts, this book provides an overview of the modern law of international responsibility, both as it applies to states and to international organizations, with a focus on the ILC's work.

This volume covers a variety of topics in the fields of the law of the sea and the protection of the environment. The particular focus of the volume is on the role and function of judicial, quasi-judicial and administrative institutions in the prevention and settlement of disputes in both of these areas. This includes an overview and insightful analysis of the cases of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea during its first decade. Further substantive issues range from the allocation of shared marine resources, maritime boundary delimitation and issues of maritime security to the prevention of marine pollution as well as a coverage of the compliance and enforcement mechanisms of international environmental law. The views from both scholars’ and practitioners’ perspectives presented in this volume will offer readers a number of outstanding intellectual synergies to reflect on the development of international law. It can provide both scholars and policy-makers alike with new insights on how to address pressing problems in international law, including ideas for improved institutional design. The work has been compiled in honour of Thomas A. Mensah and comprises 59 essays from leading scholars and practitioners in international law.

Quis custodiet ipsos custodies? In other words, who guards the guardians? At a time when the mandate of many peace support operations includes halting violations of international humanitarian law by third parties, there is still a lack of clarity concerning accountability of peace support operations themselves. This book addresses that accountability, focusing on peace support operations under the command and control of the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It is concerned with the accountability of international organizations as well as troops contributing and member states, but not of individuals. Drawing on existing and emerging doctrines of international law, including the law of state responsibility, the law of responsibility of international organizations, international institutional law and international humanitarian law, and on the basis of state practice, this book makes a strong plea for improving mechanisms to implement the accountability of peace support operations under international humanitarian law. The Paul Reuter Prize 2006 was awarded to Marten Zwanenburg for this book.