12 The law of the sea.

First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 1970, Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law rapidly established itself as a widely used and successful textbook in its field. Being the shortest of all the major textbooks in this area, it continues to offer a concise and accessible overview of the concepts, themes, and issues central to the growing system of international law, while retaining Akehurst’s original positivist approach that accounts for the essence and character of this system of law. This new ninth edition has been further revised and updated by Alexander Orakhelashvili to take account of a plethora of recent developments and updates in the field, accounting for over forty decisions of international and national courts, as well as a number of treaties and major incidents that have occurred since the eighth edition of this textbook was published. Based on transparent methodology and with a distinctive cross-jurisdictional approach which opens up the discipline to students from all backgrounds, this engaging, well-structured, and reputable textbook will provide students with all the tools, methods, and concepts they need to fully understand this complex and diverse subject. It is an essential text for all undergraduate and postgraduate students of international law, government and politics, and international relations. This book is one of the only textbooks in international law to offer a fully updated, bespoke companion website: www.routledge.com/cw/orakhelashvili.

Citing both theory and case law, this book focuses on the political dynamics involved in contemporary international law. It describes the importance of international law from the perspective of the rights of states, reciprocity among governments, and collaborative efforts to achieve stability and peace. And, by interweaving traditional subjects (e.g., statehood and sovereignty) with discussions of contemporary topics (e.g., human rights and the law of the sea), it reveals the emerging transition to a new style of international politics--an interdependent international system based on law and organization. Law of Nations. Law and the International System. International Law within the State. Subjects of International Law. Recognition of States and Governments. State Responsibility. Human Rights. Citizenship. Jurisdiction. Dispute Resolution. Territory. Law of the Sea. International Agreements. Diplomacy. Prospects. For those interested in the political aspects of international law.

International Relations: Perspectives and Controversies offers an innovative approach to this introductory course. Each of the topical chapters covers an enduring and important debate in the field and examines how political actors or political thinkers explain and defend their different opinions. This format offers the students the chance to understand important issues in International Relations as dynamic struggles over resources and power. Each chapter is structured in four parts. The first part provides a historical overview of the issue, its origins, evolution, and current status. The middle two sections of each chapter map out the opposing or contrasting points of view within the debate. These debates are followed by an evaluation of the merits of each position and the scholarly and political assessment of the situation. The goal of the text is to help students think systematically and critically about international affairs. By distilling the discussion from a variety of viewpoints (rather than simply providing articles by scholars who disagree), the author highlights meaningful distinctions among differing political positions in a way that helps students understand not only the headlines from today and yesterday, but more importantly, those from tomorrow. New! The text has been reorganized to present the discussion of power politics (Chapter 3) before the coverage of war and human nature (Chapter 5). New! Expanded coverage of IOs/NGOs includes the European Union as related to security amidst anarchy (Chapter 3) and the role of Amnesty International and other NGOs in human rights activism (Chapter 10). New! Expanded and updated coverage of the "Clash of Civilizations" in Chapter 12 is found both in the body of the chapter and in the Points of View readings at the end of the chapter. New! Updated Points of View readings, which present primary sources such as official foreign policy statements, government documents, news stories, debate transcripts, and editorials, expand on the chapter discussions. New topics include "Should We Practice Free Trade in Agriculture?"; "Does Foreign Aid Promote Development?"; "Can a Nuclear Iran be Deterred?"; and "Did 9/11 Reflect a Clash of Civilizations?". Marginal glossary allows students to access key terms without interrupting their reading. End-of-chapter pedagogy includes bulleted chapter summaries, a list of key terms with page numbers, suggestions for further reading, critical-thinking questions, endnotes, and references to relevant web sites.

The question of Palestine has been a pivotal one for international law ever since the foundation of the UN in 1945. It remains so today. On July 9, 2004, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) gave its advisory opinion on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in Occupied Palestinian Territory. It ruled on some major international law questions concerning the applicability of the Geneva Civilians Convention of 1949 to prolonged occupations, as well as human rights law more generally. It confirmed the illegality of the Israeli civilian settlements established on occupied Palestinian territory and affirmed the continuing relevancy of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, which it considered an obligation erga omnes. The ICJ did not, however, rule on many of the international law questions pertaining to Final Status Issues which still need to be negotiated between the Israeli and Palestinian leadership if peace is to ever be accomplished in the Holy Land. In this series of essays, some of the most important questions relating to the Israel-Palestine conflict are addressed and reproduced in one complete volume, coinciding with the 60th anniversary of the creation of Israel and the demise of the British mandate of Palestine.