This book critically discusses different aspects of algal production systems and several of the drawbacks related to microalgal biomass production, namely, low biomass yield, and energy-consuming harvesting, dewatering, drying and extraction processes. These provide a background to the state-of-the-art technologies for algal cultivation, CO2 sequestration, and large-scale application of these systems. In order to tap the commercial potential of algae, a biorefinery concept has been proposed that could help to extract maximum benefits from algal biomass. This refinery concept promotes the harvesting of multiple products from the feedstock so as to make the process economically attractive. For the last few decades, algal biomass has been explored for use in various products such as fuel, agricultural crops, pigments and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bioremediation. To meet the huge demand, there has been a focus on large-scale production of algal biomass in closed or open photobioreactors. Different nutritional conditions for algal growth have been explored, such as photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic and oleaginous. This book is aimed at a wide audience, including undergraduates, postgraduates, academics, energy researchers, scientists in industry, energy specialists, policy makers and others who wish to understand algal biorefineries and also keep abreast of the latest developments.

This book enables readers to understand the theoretical aspects, key steps and scientific techniques with a detailed mechanism to produce biofuels from algae. Each chapter provides the latest developments and recent advancements starting from algal cultivation techniques to the production of value-added green fuels, chemicals and products with wide applications. The volume brings together a broad range of international and interdisciplinary experts, including chemical and biological engineers, biotechnologists, process engineers, environmentalists, pharmacists and nutritionists, to one platform to explore the beneficial aspects and challenges for an algal-based biorefinery. Chapters address cutting-edge issues surrounding algal cultivation, including genetic modification of algal strains, design and optimization of photobioreactors and open-pond systems, algal oil extraction techniques and algal-derived fuel products (biodiesel, bio-gasoline, jet fuels and bio-oil). Finally, the book considers the potential environmental impacts for establishing a sustainable algal biorefinery through lifecycle analysis, techno-economic assessment and supply chain management. This book will be an important resource for students, academics and professionals interested in algal cultivation, biofuels and agricultural engineering, and renewable energy and sustainable development more broadly.

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are designed to revolutionize societies to prepare for the future challenges. However, the practical implementation of such goals in many domains is are yet to be achieved despite of unique essence. Sustainable energy production (aligned with SDG 7), clean water and sanitation (aligned with SDG 6), sustainable waste services (aligned with SDG 11), and mitigating climate change impacts (aligned with SDG 13) have been the prime focus of SDGs. Moreover, much attention is being paid to research and development activities on waste prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse to achieve responsible consumption and production (aligned with SDG 12). Waste biorefineries have emerged as a sustainable environmental management solution to achieve not only the aforementioned SDGs, but also to accomplish no poverty (aligned with SDG 1) and zero hunger (aligned with SDG 2) and to maintain well-being and good health aligned with (SDG 3) and decent work and economic growth (aligned with SDG 8) worldwide. This is true because integrated waste biorefineries can efficiently and sustainably produce fuels, heat, energy, power, and multiple value-added products and chemicals. It can further facilitate the transition from linear to circular economies and mitigate the major challenges faced, including environmental pollution, climate change, and adverse effects on public health. This Research Topic will focus on different types of waste biorefineries, current status, practical implications, optimization of waste-to-energy technologies, detailed life assessment studies, and future opportunities with a vision to achieve SDGs in the areas of sustainable energy generation, waste management, circular economies, and climate change mitigation. The editorial team of this special issue, consisting of world-renowned scientists including Highly Cited Researchers, welcomes submissions of original research articles, review articles, short communications, industrial and/or country/region case studies that covers the following enlisted topics: • Waste biorefineries (e.g., organic waste biorefinery, agricultural and forestry waste biorefinery, etc.) • Integration of different types of biorefineries • Sustainable development goals • Waste to energy technologies • Energy and resource recovery from biomass and other waste • Renewable and sustainable energy systems • Biomass and waste supply chain • Sustainable waste management systems • Mitigation of environmental pollution and climate change • Life cycle assessment • Sustainable circular and bio-based economies.

"Algae are mysterious and fascinating organisms that hold great potential for discovery and biotechnology." —Dr. Thierry Tonon, Department of Biology, University of York "Science is a beautiful gift to humanity; we should not distort it." —A.P.J. Abdul Kalam In this book, we emphasize the importance of algal biotechnology as a sustainable platform to replace the conventional fossil-based economy. With this focus, Volume 2 summarizes the up-to-date literature and knowledge and discusses the advances in algal cultivation, genetic improvement, wastewater treatment, resource recovery, commercial operation, and technoeconomic analysis of algal biotechnology. FEATURES Discusses in detail recent developments in algae cultivation and biomass harvesting Provides an overview of genetic engineering and algal-bacteria consortia to improve productivity Presents applications of algae in the area of wastewater treatment and resource recovery Provides case studies and technoeconomic analysis to understand the algal biorefinery Shashi Kant Bhatia, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea. Sanjeet Mehariya, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, PhD, is a Research Scientist and Lecturer (Adjunct) in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA.

This book provides a comprehensive account of past, present and future of the biomass based biorefineries. It is an all-inclusive and insightful compilation of recent advancements in the technology and methods used for conversion of biomass to bioenergy and other useful biochemicals. The book also focuses on the limitations of existing technologies and provides the future prospects, as well as discusses socio-economic impact of biomass based biorefineries. This book assists researchers in the area of lignocellulosic biorefineries and can be used by the students, scientist and academician as an advanced reference textbook.

The edited book covers all potential products from microalgal-based biorefinery having the focus on contemporary technologies and future outlook. Along with the focus on microalgal biorefinery products, the book also focuses on biotechnological advances via the utilization of modern molecular biology, system biology, synthetic biology, or metabolic engineering approach in microalgal biorefinery. The development of any technologies has a direct effect on the human being and the environment, therefore, the socio-economic, techno-economic, and environmental impact of the microalgae-based biorefineries will also be included in the book. In microalgal biomass-based biorefinery different biofuel- biodiesel, bioethanol, bio-hydrogen, and value-added compounds such as carotenoids, fatty acids, and protein can be produced simultaneously. Understanding the technical advances to develop an integrated biorefinery approach with the motive of designing a consolidated self-sustainable microalga-based biorefinery. This book is equally beneficial for researchers and engineers in biomass-based biorefineries or the bachelors, master, or young budding graduate students as a textbook.

This two-volume work presents comprehensive, accurate information on the present status and contemporary development in phycoremediation of various types of domestic and industrial wastewaters. The volume covers a mechanistic understanding of microalgae based treatment of wastewaters, including current challenges in the treatment of various organic and inorganic pollutants, and future opportunities of bioremediation of wastewater and industrial effluents on an algal platform. The editors compile the work of authors from around the globe, providing insight on key issues and state-of-the-art developments in algal bioremediation that is missing from the currently available body of literature. The volume hopes to serve as a much needed resource for professors, researchers and scientists interested in microalgae applications for wastewater treatment. Volume 2 addresses the various biorefinery aspects and applications of algal-based wastewater treatment in industrial and domestic contexts. The analyses are approached from multiple perspectives, including biotechnology, commercial, economic, and sustainability. The authors discuss the potential of microalgae for integrated biomass production utilizing various resources to treat wastewaters, and include evaluations of the economical and commercialization potential for such processes.

This book addresses multiple focus areas identified and provides solutions with respect to the circular economy, water pollution, potable water availability, reducing population impact on the environment, and better health by integrated waste management. It explains techniques to handle waste generation, characterization, minimization, collection, separation, treatment, and disposal, and includes chapters that address waste management policy, education, and economic and environmental assessments. Features: Introduces waste management, pollution, and toxicity profile of potentially toxic environmental contaminants and industrial wastes. Describes field studies on the application of microbes and plants in bio/phytoremediation of environmental contaminants/industrial wastes. Reviews eco-friendly remediation techniques such as phytoremediation, vermi-remediation, nano-remediation, and myco-remediation. Presents recent advances and challenges in bioremediation research and applications in environmental management. Details underlying tools and techniques for sustainable waste management and (nature-based) solutions in each chapter. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in environmental engineering and waste management.