This publication consists of two volumes. V.1 presents regional and case study reports; volume 2 presents a review of the literature and the International bibliography of alternatives to imprisonment, 1980-1989.

The detrimental effects of imprisonment have been documented and accepted in most western countries. As a result, alternatives to incarceration have been sought in the effort to reform the penal system. Although during the last thirty years several Nordic official committees have recommended a reduction in the use of jail sentences and an increase in other forms of punishment (i.e. fines and probation) in the hope of decreasing crime and rehabilitating criminals, incarceration rates have been going up in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Still, the interest in alternatives to imprisonment continues to grow, but few studies have actually been published that examine their effectiveness.

The book focuses on one of the most problematic areas of Turkish penal justice: the overreliance on custodial measures and a corresponding growth in the prison population, and compares Turkey with two major European countries in this respect: England and Wales and Germany. The underlying question throughout the study is the extent to which prison alternatives can be seen as genuine alternatives to immediate custodial sentences.

This study is a further contribution of the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) to the Promotion of international comparative research in criminal justice. This is central to the Institute's research mandate. Minimally it is geared towards the collection and presentation of policy experiences from different developmental environments, in particular those from the developing countries, and advancement of comparative thinking and analysis of policy immanence. This comparative perspective is attested by papers presented by national experts describing and analyzing alternative policing experiences from eleven countries: Alaska (USA), Brazil, China, Indonesia, Italy, Northern Ireland, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania and former Yugoslavia.

No detailed description available for "Crime and Control in Comparative Perspectives".

Analyses the effectiveness and implications of community custody for offenders and society as a whole.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 639-665) and indexes.

Contains information on criminal justice publications and other materials available from NIJ's information clearinghouse, the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS), and other sources.

Introduces the reader to the basic principles central to understanding alternatives to imprisonment as well as descriptions of promising practices implemented throughout the world. This handbook offers information about alternatives to imprisonment at various stages of the criminal justice process.

Annotation This book is devoted completely to intermediate sanctions systems and their individual programs.