Two aphorisms are often stated about Gibraltar: first, that it was a possession that "Spain did not value until she had lost it"; and second, since the day it became a British possession, "Gibraltar has been a thorn in the side of Spain." Except for a few relatively short periods, the Gibraltar issue has adversely affected Anglo-Spanish relations during the almost 275 years of British ownership. To date, negotiations under the aegis of the United Nations have proven unfruitful. Spain demands that complete sovereignty be returned. Great Britain declines to take any such action without the consent of the inhabitants. Despite a referendum in which the Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to retain links with Great Britain, the Special Committee of the U.N. General Assembly continues to strongly support the Spanish claim. What effect Spain's entry into NATO will have remains to be seen. This book examines the historical background and present status of the dispute, making extensive use of documents not previously analyzed in depth. Dr. Levie describes the events leading up to the Treaty of Utrecht, provides a detailed analysis of the treaty itself, and traces the origins of its various interpretations. He discusses how the British, unintentionally or otherwise, have violated its provisions, and how the Spanish have attempted to retaliate. The book concludes with a discussion of how the Gibraltar issue has beeen handled in the U.N. to the present day.

Details the history behind the countries that have laid claim to and currently control the Gibraltar peninsula that acts as a gateway between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

The classic reference work that provides annually updated information on the countries of the world.

The purpose of this book is to describe the problems posed in the formulation of international rules for bays at the present time, to investigate the history of the several interests that have influenced the development of such rules, to trace the efforts that have been made to codify the rules, and to suggest a further refinement of the rules. This book seeks to combine the fruits of the writer's experience as a navigator with those of his studies in international law, geography, history and economics. Although, after study and thought upon the subject, there is likely to arise an initial desire to write a work that is truly definitive, one must resign himself to something of lesser scope. That being so, there is, if anything, an increased demand upon the writer to exercise careful judgment in his research, and in his exposition of the subject. This writer can only hope that he has discharged this responsi bility to the degree that his efforts will have clarified some issues and that what he has set on paper may be of some assistance to others. This writer has attempted to be as objective as possible in his inter pretations, and he has made no attempt to defend the policy of any State. In so doing, he is weil aware of the fact that for broader policy reasons, some of the views expressed herein cannot be officiaily accept ed as bases for action.

The classic reference work that provides annually updated information on the countries of the world.