This book chronicles the proceedings of the International Symposium on Apparent and Microscopic Contact Angles, held in conjunction with the American Chemical Society meeting in Boston, August 24--27, 1998. The symposium provided an opportunity to discuss several controversial issues associated with interfacial phenomena that govern the behavior of

This book chronicles the proceedings of the International Symposium on Apparent and Microscopic Contact Angles, held in conjunction with the American Chemical Society meeting in Boston, August 24--27, 1998. A. Fery, T. Pompe and S. Herminghaus A.V. Neimark Acid-base surface free energy of solids and the definition of scales in the van Oss-Good theory AFM measurements of hydrophobic forces between a polyethylene sphere and silanated silica plates - the significance of surface roughness An acoustic technique for the monitoring of dynamic wetting behaviour Analysis of evaporating droplets by using ellipsoidal cap geometry C. Della Volpe and S. Siboni C. Della Volpe, A. Penati, R. Peruzzi, S. Siboni, L. Toniolo and C. Colombo Contact angles on quartz induced by adsorption of heteropolar hydrocarbons Determination of acid-ase properties of metal oxide films and of polymers by contact angle measurements Determination of contact angles on swelling polymer particles by the column wicking method Determination of peripheral contact angle of sessile drops on solids from the rate of evaporation E. Chibowski, L. Holys and M. Lubomska E. McCafferty and J.P. Wightman E.A. Angu, R.C. Cameron, S.K. Pollack and W.E. Collins Effect of external radiofrequency electric field on the surface free energy components of calcium carbonate in the presence of cationic and anionic surfactants Estimation of contact angles on fibers Evolution of surface chemistry and physical properties during thin film polymerization of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers F. Chen, J.A. Finch, Z. Xu and J. Czarnecki Factors influencing contact angle measurements on wood particles by column wicking G. McHale, S.M. Rowan, M.I. Newton and N.A. Kb G. McHale, M.I. Newton, M.K. Banerjee and S.M. Rowan H. Haidara, L. Vonna and J. Schultz H.Y. Erbil H.Y. Erbil, G. McHale, S.M. Rowan and M.I. Newton Instability of the three-phase contact region and its effect on contact angle relaxation J. Drelich J. Nalaskowski, S. Veeramasuneni, J. Hupka and J.D. Miller J. Singh and A. Sharma K.-X. Ma, T.-S. Chung, P.K. Pallathadka and S.-S. Feng L.C. Salay and A.M. Carmona-Ribeiro L.-H. Lee M. Chamerois, M. Franois, F. Villiras and J. Yvon M. Wlinder and D.J. Gardner Measurement of contact line tension by analysis of the three-phase boundary with nanometer resolution Microsphere tensiometry to measure advancing and receding contact angles on individual particles Modification of calcium carbonate surface properties: macroscopic and microscopic investigations Molecular mechanisms of hydrophobic transitions Nanometer resolution of liquid surface topography by scanning force microscopy O.N. Tretinnikov PART 2: SURFACE FORCES AND SURFACE FREE ENERGY PART 3: WETTING OF HETEROGENEOUS, ROUGH AND CURVED SURFACES PART 4: DYNAMIC EFFECTS IN CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENT S. Ecke, M. Preuss and H.-J. Butt S.P. FriedmanS.Q. Shi and D.J. Gardner Self organization in thin liquid films: dynamics and patterns in systems displaying a secondary minimum Surfactant induced wetting singularities in confined solid-liquid-liquid systems: kinetic and dynamic aspects T. Pompe, A. Fery and S. Herminghaus The gap between the measured and calculated liquid-liquid interfacial tensions derived from contact angles The combined effect of roughness and heterogeneity on contact angles: the case of polymer coating for stone protection Thermodynamic equilibrium and stability of liquid films and droplets on fibers Underwater captive bubble technique on curved surfaces of blended polydimethylsiloxanes V.V. Yaminsky Wetting of SiO2 surfaces by phospholipid dispersions Wettability and microstructure of polymer surfaces: Sterochemical and conformational aspects Wettability of fine solids extracted from bitumen froth X. Xie and N.R. Morrow.

The Surface Wettability Effect on Phase Change collects high level contributions from internationally recognised scientists in the field. It thoroughly explores surface wettability, with topics spanning from the physics of phase change, physics of nucleation, mesoscale modeling, analysis of phenomena such drop evaporation, boiling, local heat flux at triple line, Leidenfrost, dropwise condensation, heat transfer enhancement, freezing, icing. All the topics are treated by discussing experimental results, mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. In particular, the numerical methods look at direct numerical simulations in the framework of VOF simulations, phase-field simulations and molecular dynamics. An introduction to equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of phase change, wetting phenomena, liquid interfaces, numerical simulation of wetting phenomena and phase change is offered for readers who are less familiar in the field. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, engineers, and postgraduate students working in the area of thermofluids, thermal management, and surface technology.

The recent development of microscale technologies makes it possible to design complex microsystems devoted to transport, dosing, mixing, analysis or even synthesis of fluids. Applications are numerous and exist in almost every industrial field, from biotechnology and healthcare to aeronautics and advanced materials manufacturing. Microfluidics is a relatively new research area, usually comprising work with microsystems and involving internal fluid flows with characteristic dimensions of the order of one micrometer (1 x 10 -6 m). This book provides engineers and researchers with a range of tools for modeling, experimenting on, and simulating these microflows, as a preliminary step in designing and optimizing fluidic microsystems. The various consequences of miniaturization on the hydrodynamics of gas, liquid or two-phase flows, as well as on associated heat transfer phenonema, are analyzed. The book is illustrated with examples that demonstrate the wide diversity of applications, and the breadth of novel uses of these fluidic microsystems.

Paperback edition of text on fluid dynamics for graduate students and specialists alike.

This review volume explores how the current knowledge of the biological structures occuring on the surface of moth eyes, leaves, sharkskin, and the feet of reptiles can be transferred to functional technological materials.

The revealing of the phenomenon of superhydrophobicity (the "lotus-effect") has stimulated an interest in wetting of real (rough and chemically heterogeneous) surfaces. In spite of the fact that wetting has been exposed to intensive research for more than 200 years, there still is a broad field open for theoretical and experimental research, including recently revealed superhydrophobic, superoleophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces, so-called liquid marbles, wetting transitions, etc. This book integrates all these aspects within a general framework of wetting of real surfaces, where physical and chemical heterogeneity is essential. Wetting of rough/heterogeneous surfaces is discussed through the use of the variational approach developed recently by the author. It allows natural and elegant grounding of main equations describing wetting of solid surfaces, i.e. Young, Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter equations. The problems of superhydrophobicity, wetting transitions and contact angle hysteresis are discussed in much detail, in view of novel models and new experimental data. The second edition surveys the last achievements in the field of wetting of real surfaces, including new chapters devoted to the wetting of lubricated and gradient surfaces and reactive wetting, which have seen the rapid progress in the last decade. Additional reading, surveying the progress across the entire field of wetting of real surfaces, is suggested to the reader. Contents What is surface tension? Wetting of ideal surfaces Contact angle hysteresis Dynamics of wetting Wetting of rough and chemically heterogeneous surfaces: the Wenzel and Cassie Models Superhydrophobicity, superhydrophilicity, and the rose petal effect Wetting transitions on rough surfaces Electrowetting and wetting in the presence of external fields Nonstick droplets Wetting of lubricated surfaces

This unique book presents ways to mitigate the disastrous effects of snow/ice accumulation and discusses the mechanisms of new coatings deicing technologies. The strategies currently used to combat ice accumulation problems involve chemical, mechanical or electrical approaches. These are expensive and labor intensive, and the use of chemicals raises serious environmental concerns. The availability of truly icephobic surfaces or coatings will be a big boon in preventing the devastating effects of ice accumulation. Currently, there is tremendous interest in harnessing nanotechnology in rendering surfaces icephobic or in devising icephobic surface materials and coatings, and all signals indicate that such interest will continue unabated in the future. As the key issue regarding icephobic materials or coatings is their durability, much effort is being spent in developing surface materials or coatings which can be effective over a long period. With the tremendous activity in this arena, there is strong hope that in the not too distant future, durable surface materials or coatings will come to fruition. This book contains 20 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into three parts— Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Characterization; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered include: factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; icephobicities of superhydrophobic surfaces; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; icephobic surfaces: features and challenges; bio-inspired anti-icing surface materials; durability of anti-icing coatings; durability of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.

Insects have much to offer when it comes to designing engineering solutions to problems, whether for robotics, aeronautics, computing or materials science. Insect Mechanics and Control, the first book ever published on this topic, bringing together world experts working at the interface between entomology, engineering and physics to showcase the exciting research in this rapidly growing field. The authors, applied mathematicians, physicists or quantitative biologists, provide coverage of their subjects in a way that uses the minimum necessary technical detail, making the subject accessible to biologists and their students who are not expert in the field. The book in turn provides a valuable compendium of biological information for physical scientists, thus promoting interchange between the biological and physical sciences.* Covers important problems in mechanics and control, by reference to extraordinary and fascinating insect examples * Written by experts, physicists, applied mathematicians and quantitative biologists* Offers a biological inspiration to physical scientists, from MEMS design to robotics* Provides a compelling example of integrative biology

This book considers the behavior of fluids in a low-gravity environment (e.g. spacecraft) with special emphasis on application in PMD (propellant management device) systems. Since PMD designs are not testable on ground and thus completely rely on analytical or numerical concepts, this book treats three different flow problems with analytical, numerical and experimental means. These problems are linked together by the same set of equations and boundary conditions.