Economists have employed numerical information to understand economic phenomena since the origins of the modern discipline in the seventeenth century. While the methods for assessing such information are increasingly sophisticated, we continue to be interested in identifying and understanding trends and patterns in economic data. This text is an introduction to some of the tried-and-true quantitative methods used by economists. Its goal is to give students a background in these methods so they might do empirical economics in their upper-division economics courses. Hitherto, most economists have been forced to resort to business statistics or even general statistics texts in order to introduce quantitative methods to economists. This text moves beyond those and includes a wealth of examples and applications that are specifically relevant to economics

This textbook introduces readers to practical statistical issues by presenting them within the context of real-life economics and business situations. It presents the subject in a non-threatening manner, with an emphasis on concise, easily understandable explanations. It has been designed to be accessible and student-friendly and, as an added learning feature, provides all the relevant data required to complete the accompanying exercises and computing problems, which are presented at the end of each chapter. It also discusses index numbers and inequality indices in detail, since these are of particular importance to students and commonly omitted in textbooks. Throughout the text it is assumed that the student has no prior knowledge of statistics. It is aimed primarily at business and economics undergraduates, providing them with the basic statistical skills necessary for further study of their subject. However, students of other disciplines will also find it relevant.

A Text book on Statistics

Designed for a one-semester course, Applied Statistics for Business and Economics offers students in business and the social sciences an effective introduction to some of the most basic and powerful techniques available for understanding their world. Numerous interesting and important examples reflect real-life situations, stimulating students to t

This textbook will familiarize students in economics and business, as well as practitioners, with the basic principles, techniques, and applications of applied statistics, statistical testing, and multivariate data analysis. Drawing on practical examples from the business world, it demonstrates the methods of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analysis. The textbook covers a range of topics, from data collection and scaling to the presentation and simple univariate analysis of quantitative data, while also providing advanced analytical procedures for assessing multivariate relationships. Accordingly, it addresses all topics typically covered in university courses on statistics and advanced applied data analysis. In addition, it does not limit itself to presenting applied methods, but also discusses the related use of Excel, SPSS, and Stata.

Showcasing fuzzy set theory, this book highlights the enormous potential of fuzzy logic in helping to analyse the complexity of a wide range of socio-economic patterns and behaviour. The contributions to this volume explore the most up-to-date fuzzy-set methods for the measurement of socio-economic phenomena in a multidimensional and/or dynamic perspective. Thus far, fuzzy-set theory has primarily been utilised in the social sciences in the field of poverty measurement. These chapters examine the latest work in this area, while also exploring further applications including social exclusion, the labour market, educational mismatch, sustainability, quality of life and violence against women. The authors demonstrate that real-world situations are often characterised by imprecision, uncertainty and vagueness, which cannot be properly described by the classical set theory which uses a simple true–false binary logic. By contrast, fuzzy-set theory has been shown to be a powerful tool for describing the multidimensionality and complexity of social phenomena. This book will be of significant interest to economists, statisticians and sociologists utilising quantitative methods to explore socio-economic phenomena.

Paper-I Statistics for Economics UNIT - I Introduction 1.What is Economics ?, 2 .Statistics : Meaning, Scope and Importance , UNIT - II Collection, Organisation and Presentation of Data 3 .Collection of Data—Primary and Secondary Data, 4. Methods of Data Collection : Census and Sampling Methods, 5 .Some Important Sources of Secondary Data—Census and N.S.S.O., 6. Organisation of Data—Classification, 7 .Presentation of Data—Tables, 8. Diagrammatic Presentation of Data , 9 Graphic (Time Series and Frequency Distribution) Presentation of Data , UNIT - III Statistical Tools and Interpretation 10. Measures of Central Tendency—Airthmetic Average, 11. Measures of Central Tendency—Median and Mode , 12 .Measures of Dispersion, 13 .Correlation, 14. Index Number , 15. Some Mathematical Tools Used in Economics : Slope of A Line, Slope of a Curve and Equation of Line, UNIT - IV Developing Projjects in Economics 16.Formation of Project in Economics, Paper-II Indian Economic Development UNIT - V Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Regorms sice 1991 1.State of Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence , 2 .Common Goals of Five Year Plans in India, 3. Agriculture—Features, Problems and Policies, 4. Industries—Features, Problems and Policies (Industrial Licensing etc.), 5 .Foreign Trade of India—Features, Problems and Policies, UNIT - VI Economic Reforms Since 1991 6 .Economics Reforms in India—Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (L.P.G.) Policies, UNIT - VII Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy 7. Poverty and Main Programmes of Poverty Alleviation, 8. Rural Development : Key Issues, 9. Human Capital Formations , 10. Employment : Growth, Informalisation and other Issues , 11. Inflation : Problems and Policies, 12. Infrastructure : Meaning and Type (Case Studies : Energy and Health), 13. Sustainable Economic Development and Environment, UNIT - VIII Development Experience of India 14 .Development Experience of India : A Comparison with Pakistan and China, Log and Antilog Table