In this book, Patrick Matthew argues that, while his circumstance-adaptive law would in general work to keep species in stasis during periods of environmental constancy, the situation would be different in the transition periods between one epoch and the next. Here, the same law would act on isolated groups of organisms to effect rapid evolutionary change, resulting in the large-scale changes in fauna and flora evident from the fossil record.

This book represents the latest research on urban forestry in a Malaysian context. It demonstrates that urban forestry is concerned not only with environmental enhancement, but also other aspects, such as recreation, health and well-being, and government policies. This edited collection provides a comprehensive overview of urban forestry studies from various researchers in Malaysia, and includes rich historical perspectives of urban forestry in the country. It also tackles related issues in policy. The greening of urban Malaysia in the 1970s focused primarily on beautification and was primarily the province of horticulturists, landscapers, nursery workers, town planners, and architects, with negligible inputs from foresters, particularly urban foresters. Perhaps for that reason, the term “landscaping” has been used more widely than “urban forestry” by government and private institutions, politicians, stakeholders, academicians, and the public. Nevertheless, the authors show that the concept of urban forestry is not new for developing countries such as Malaysia, where urbanization is increasing at a rapid rate. The book unpacks this demographic shift from a predominantly rural to a principally urban society. As the only unified body of work on urban forestry and arboricultural studies in Malaysia, this volume presents an important interdisciplinary reference for students, researchers, and scholars in physical geography, forestry and urban forestry, arboriculture and landscape architecture, both in Malaysia, and in other developing urbanizing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia. It is also an important resource for those working in environmental policy and practice, excavating the vital connection between the environment and well-being.

This text is a comprehensive, analytical, and logically organized guide offering a strong scientific and technical background for training and practice in the field of arboriculture. The third edition represents a complete revision and update to reflect the latest trends in plant selection and maintenance practices and evaluate them based on the most recent research and experience. All aspects of tree, shrub and vine care are covered, including plant structure and function, plant selection, site selection and preparation, climatic influences, transplantation, water/soil/nutrient management, environmental hazards, diseases, insects, and IPM (Integrated Pest Management).