This third edition of the Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Three Volume Set provides authoritative and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of spectroscopy and closely related subjects that use the same fundamental principles, including mass spectrometry, imaging techniques and applications. It includes the history, theoretical background, details of instrumentation and technology, and current applications of the key areas of spectroscopy. The new edition will include over 80 new articles across the field. These will complement those from the previous edition, which have been brought up-to-date to reflect the latest trends in the field. Coverage in the third edition includes: Atomic spectroscopy Electronic spectroscopy Fundamentals in spectroscopy High-Energy spectroscopy Magnetic resonance Mass spectrometry Spatially-resolved spectroscopic analysis Vibrational, rotational and Raman spectroscopies The new edition is aimed at professional scientists seeking to familiarize themselves with particular topics quickly and easily. This major reference work continues to be clear and accessible and focus on the fundamental principles, techniques and applications of spectroscopy and spectrometry. Incorporates more than 150 color figures, 5,000 references, and 300 articles for a thorough examination of the field Highlights new research and promotes innovation in applied areas ranging from food science and forensics to biomedicine and health Presents a one-stop resource for quick access to answers and an in-depth examination of topics in the spectroscopy and spectrometry arenas

TheexplosivegrowthoftheInternetandtheWebhavecreatedanever-growing demand for information systems, and ever-growing challenges for Information Systems Engineering. The series of Conferences on Advanced Information S- tems Engineering (CAiSE) was launched in Scandinavia by Janis Bubenko and Arne Solvberg in 1989, became an important European conference, and was held annually in major European sites throughout the 1990s. Now, in its 14th year,CAiSEwasheldforthe?rsttimeoutsideEurope,showcasinginternational researchon information systems and their engineering. Not surprisingly, this year the conference enjoyed unprecedented attention. In total, the conference received 173 paper submissions, the highest number ever for a CAiSE conference. Of those, 42 were accepted as regular papers and 26 as short (poster) papers. In addition, the conference received 12 proposals for workshops of which 8 were approved, while 4 tutorials were selected from 15 submissions. The technical program was put together by an international committee of 81 experts. In total, 505 reviews were submitted, with every member of the committeecontributing.Decisionsonallsubmissionswerereachedataprogram committee meeting in Toronto on January 26-27,2002. Workshop and tutorial proposals were handled separately by committees chaired by Patrick Martin (workshops), and Jarek Gryz and Richard Paige (tutorials). We wish to extend a great “THANK YOU!” to all members of the program and organizing committees for their volunteer contributions of time and exp- tise. The fact that so many busy (and famous!) people took the trouble to help uswiththeorganizationofthisconferenceandtheformationofitstechnicalp- gram speaks well for the future of CAiSE and the ?eld of Information Systems Engineering.

No detailed description available for "Functional Grammar".

Optical Properties of Metal Clusters deals with the electronic structure of metal clusters determined optically. Clusters - as state intermediate between molecules and the extended solid - are important in many areas, e.g. in air pollution, interstellar matter, clay minerals, photography, heterogeneous catalysis, quantum dots, and virus crystals. This book extends the approaches of optical molecular and solid-state methods to clusters, revealing how their optical properties evolve as a function of size. Cluster matter, i.e. extended systems of many clusters - the most frequently occuring form - is also treated. The combination of reviews of experimental techniques, lists of results and detailed descriptions of selected experiments will appeal to experts, newcomers and graduate students in this expanding field.

Formal methods have been applied successfully to the verification of medium-sized programs in protocol and hardware design. However, their application to more complex systems, resulting from the object-oriented and the more recent component-based software engineering paradigms, requires further development of specification and verification techniques supporting the concepts of reusability and modifiability. This book presents revised tutorial lectures given by invited speakers at the Second International Symposium on Formal Methods for Components and Objects, FMCO 2003, held in Leiden, The Netherlands, in November 2003. The 17 revised lectures by leading researchers present a comprehensive account of the potential of formal methods applied to large and complex software systems such as component-based systems and object systems. The book makes a unique contribution to bridging the gap between theory and practice in software engineering.