In this volume there is a strong emphasis on translational science, with preclinical approaches suggesting new directions for development of new treatments. Individual chapters describe how neuroimaging, neuroendocrine, genetic and behavioral studies use powerful research tools that are offering a completely new understanding of the factors that increase vulnerability to ADHD. The clinical impact of co-morbid problems, especially obesity and substance misuse, are highlighted and explain what such problems can tell us about the etiology of ADHD, more generally. Reviews of the pharmacology of established drug treatments for ADHD justify an exciting novel theory for their therapeutic actions and address questions about the effects of their long‐term use.

New Discoveries in the Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder reviews the latest developments in preclinical and clinical research of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. As well as updating key chapters that were included in an earlier edition, this volume includes some new topics that are attracting a great deal of interest and point the way to new and promising directions for future research. The chapters follow five main themes: Current perspectives on the clinical profile of ADHD and its treatment, common co-occurring conditions, neurobiological studies examining brain function and genetics, animal and in vitro studies, and future directions. This combination of topics emphasises the translational relevance and validity of preclinical research so as to enable a better understanding of ADHD and to highlight the promising strategies for developing new treatments.

What is attention? How does it go wrong? Do attention deficits arise from genes or from the environment? Can we cure it with drugs or training? Are there disorders of attention other than deficit disorders?The past decade has seen a burgeoning of research on the subject of attention. This research has been facilitated by advances on several fronts: New methods are now available for viewing brain activity in real time, there is expanding information on the complexities of the biochemistry of neural activity, individual genes can be isolated and their functions identified, analysis of the component processes included under the broad umbrella of "attention" has become increasingly sophisticated, and ingenious methods have been devised for measuring typical and atypical development of these processes, from infancy into childhood, and then into adulthood.In this book, Kim Cornish and John Wilding are concerned with attention and its development, both typical and atypical, particularly in disorders with a known genetic etiology or assumed genetic linkage. Tremendous advances across seemingly diverse disciplines - molecular genetics, pediatric neurology, child psychiatry, developmental cognitive neuroscience, and education - have culminated in a wealth of new methods for elucidating disorders at multiple levels, possibly paving the way for new treatment options. Cornish and Wilding use three specific-yet-interlinking levels of analysis: genetic blueprint (genotype), the developing brain, and the behavioral-cognitive outcomes (phenotype), as the basis for charting the attention profiles of six well-documented neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, and 22q11 deletion syndrome. Their overarching aim in this book is to provide the most authoritative and extensive account to date of disorder-specific attention profiles and their development from infancy through adolescence.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood psychiatric disorders of our time. The condition is defined by levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that are in impairing and developmentally inappropriate. Increasingly, there is a growing appreciation that for many individuals the disorder may persist into adulthood and be associated with significant social and economic burden. Conditions, such as ADHD, that are manifestly heterogeneous in terms of their clinical presentation, underlying neurobiology and treatment response, must be tackled on multiple fronts. This Handbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder provides a state of the art position on each of these fronts from leading clinicians and researchers from around the world. Broad in its scope and comprehensive in its detail, this book should be as useful to the student as it is to the experienced clinician or researcher.

Does toxic pollution cause attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? What about screen use? Are alternative treatments worth exploring? Can dietary changes help? This book explores exciting treatment advances with tremendous promise for improving behavior in kids with ADHD. Leading researcher Joel T. Nigg distinguishes unsupported, even dangerous approaches from bona fide breakthroughs grounded in the new science of epigenetics--how genes and the environment interact. Parents learn which lifestyle changes have been proven to support children's attention and self-control by positively influencing the developing brain. The book is packed with clear information and specific ways to maximize the positive effects of healthy nutrition, exercise, and sleep, and minimize the damage from stress and other known risk factors. Vivid stories illustrate how to integrate Dr. Nigg's practical suggestions into daily life--and how they can help kids succeed.

ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships Leonard F. Koziol, Deborah Ely Budding, and Dana Chidekel Series Title: Springer Briefs in Neuroscience Subseries: The Vertically Organized Brain in Theory and Practice It's been a basic neurological given: the brain does our thinking, and has evolved to do the thinking, as controlled by the neocortex. In this schema, all dysfunction can be traced to problems in the brain’s lateral interactions. But in scientific reality, is this really true? Challenging this traditional cortico-centric view is a body of research emphasizing the role of the structures that control movement-the brain's vertical organization-in behavioral symptoms. Using a well-known, widely studied disorder as a test case, ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships offers an innovative framework for integrating neuroscience and behavioral research to refine diagnostic process and advance the understanding of disorders. Identifying a profound disconnect between current neuropsychological testing and the way the brain actually functions, this revision of the paradigm critiques the DSM and ICD in terms of the connectedness of brain structures regarding cognition and behavior. The authors argue for a large-scale brain network approach to pathology instead of the localizing that is so common historically, and for an alternate set of diagnostic criteria proposed by the NIMH. Included in the coverage: The diagnosis of ADHD: history and context. ADHD and neuropsychological nomenclature Research Domain Criteria: a dimensional approach to evaluating disorder The development of motor skills, executive function, and a relation to ADHD The role of the cerebellum in cognition, emotion, motivation, and dysfunction How large-scale brain networks interact Heralding a more accurate future of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships represents a major step forward for neuropsychologists, child psychologists, and psychiatrists, or any related profession interested in a neuroscientific understanding of brain function. ​

The Science of ADHD addresses the scientific status of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in an informed and accessible way, without recourse to emotional or biased viewpoints. The author utilises the very latest studies to present a reasoned account of ADHD and its treatment. Provides an up-to-date account of the neuroscience of ADHD, and the limitations of such research Addresses the scientific status of ADHD from an objective and evidence-based standpoint without recourse to emotional and uninformed argument Describes and discusses the ever increasing scientific evidence As a parent of a child with ADHD, the author has first-hand experience of the subject matter, and a unique understanding of the information parents require on the subject

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is one of the least understood medical conditions. With no specific test available, misdiagnosis is common and the results can be devastating for both the parents and the child. Because no one can agree on a single definition for the disorder, confusion is rampant and treatment is only mildly successful at best. Attention Deficit Disorder Misdiagnosis addresses these problems in a systematic and logical fashion. It presents a battery of tests for properly diagnosing ADD, stresses its relationship to brain behavior and proposes practical treatment solutions. Written by an expert in the field who also happens to be the mother of an ADD child, it presents a unique perspective on this complex yet all too pervasive disorder. This is an essential text for doctors, parents and any individual working with an ADD child or adult. It will also help professionals in related disciplines approach ADD as a biochemical medical disorder and understand the reasons for its inherent complexity and frequent misdiagnosis.

"The volume is an international book of collected papers by 26 eminent specialists from eight different countries and many parts of the world (America, Brazil, India, Mexique, Poland, Portugal, Russia, and Turkey), dealing with the problem of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This disorder interferes to a great extent with functioning and development of children at different age. The volume provides a contemporary and future - oriented view of the issues and concepts in the pattern, mechanisms and remediation of ADHD. They include problems of social functioning and learning disability of children with ADHD, psychological, physiological, genetic and neurological mechanisms, cerebral substrate and etiology of this form of dysontogenesis, forensic implications for behavioral disturbances associated with childhood ADHD, practical suggestions for clinicians and psychologists, new methods of its assessment and efficient methods and approaches to remediation of children with ADHD. This disorder became an important international problem, independently of cultural and economic conditions of life, styles of education, learning systems with a prevalence of about 5% -7% in most cultures. Therefore better understanding of children suffering Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder could help these children, their parents and educators to develop efficient treatment plans and integrated approaches that are uniquely tailored to each individual child"--

Stimulant drugs are widely used in the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. Hundreds of studies over the past 60 years have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving attention span, increasing impulse control, and reducing hyperactivity and restlessness. Despite widespread interest in these compounds, however, their mechanisms of action in the central nervous system have remained poorly understood. Recent advances in the basic and clinical neurosciences now afford the possibility of elucidating these mechanisms. The current volume is the first to bring this expanding knowledge to bear on the central question of why and how stimulants exert their therapeutic effects. The result is a careful, comprehensive, and insightful integration of material by well-known scientists that significantly advances our understanding of stimulant effects and charts a course for future research. Part I presents a comprehensive description of the clinical features of ADHD and the clinical response to stimulants. Part II details the cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy and functional neurophysiology of dopamine and norepinephrine systems with respect to the regulation of attention, arousal, activity, and impulse control and the effects of stimulants on these systems. Part III is devoted to clinical research, including recent studies of neuroimaging, genetics, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of stimulants, effects on cognitive functions, neurophysiological effects in humans with and without ADHD and in non-human primates, and comparison of stimulants and non-stimulants in the treatment of ADHD. Part IV is a masterful synthesis that presents alternative models of stimulant drug action and generates key hypotheses for continued research. The volume will be of keen interest to researchers and clinicians in psychiatry, psychology, and neurology, neuroscientists studying stimulants, and those pursuing development of new drugs to treat ADHD.