This book describes recent theoretical findings relevant to bilevel programming in general, and in mixed-integer bilevel programming in particular. It describes recent applications in energy problems, such as the stochastic bilevel optimization approaches used in the natural gas industry. New algorithms for solving linear and mixed-integer bilevel programming problems are presented and explained.

The book discusses three classes of problems: the generalized Nash equilibrium problems, the bilevel problems and the mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). These problems interact through their mathematical analysis as well as their applications. The primary aim of the book is to present the modern tool of variational analysis and optimization, which are used to analyze these three classes of problems. All contributing authors are respected academicians, scientists and researchers from around the globe. These contributions are based on the lectures delivered by experts at CIMPA School, held at the University of Delhi, India, from 25 November–6 December 2013, and peer-reviewed by international experts. The book contains five chapters. Chapter 1 deals with nonsmooth, nonconvex bilevel optimization problems whose feasible set is described by using the graph of the solution set mapping of a parametric optimization problem. Chapter 2 describes a constraint qualification to MPECs considered as an application of calmness concept of multifunctions and is used to derive M-stationarity conditions for MPEC. Chapter 3 discusses the first- and second-order optimality conditions derived for a special case of a bilevel optimization problem in which the constraint set of the lower level problem is described as a general compact convex set. Chapter 4 concentrates the results of the modelization and analysis of deregulated electricity markets with a focus on auctions and mechanism design. Chapter 5 focuses on optimization approaches called reflection methods for protein conformation determination within the framework of matrix completion. The last chapter (Chap. 6) deals with the single-valuedness of quasimonotone maps by using the concept of single-directionality with a special focus on the case of the normal operator of lower semi-continuous quasiconvex functions.

The paper presents a novel strategy for solving bi-level linear programming problem based on goal programming in neutrosophic numbers environment. Bi-level linear programming problem comprises of two levels namely upper or first level and lower or second level with one objective at each level. The objective function of each level decision maker and the system constraints are considered as linear functions with neutrosophic numbers of the form [p + q I], where p, q are real numbers and I represents indeterminacy.

2019 marked the 85th anniversary of Heinrich Freiherr von Stackelberg’s habilitation thesis “Marktform und Gleichgewicht,” which formed the roots of bilevel optimization. Research on the topic has grown tremendously since its introduction in the field of mathematical optimization. Besides the substantial advances that have been made from the perspective of game theory, many sub-fields of bilevel optimization have emerged concerning optimal control, multiobjective optimization, energy and electricity markets, management science, security and many more. Each chapter of this book covers a specific aspect of bilevel optimization that has grown significantly or holds great potential to grow, and was written by top experts in the corresponding area. In other words, unlike other works on the subject, this book consists of surveys of different topics on bilevel optimization. Hence, it can serve as a point of departure for students and researchers beginning their research journey or pursuing related projects. It also provides a unique opportunity for experienced researchers in the field to learn about the progress made so far and directions that warrant further investigation. All chapters have been peer-reviewed by experts on mathematical optimization.

This book provides a complete background on metaheuristics to solve complex bi-level optimization problems (continuous/discrete, mono-objective/multi-objective) in a diverse range of application domains. Readers learn to solve large scale bi-level optimization problems by efficiently combining metaheuristics with complementary metaheuristics and mathematical programming approaches. Numerous real-world examples of problems demonstrate how metaheuristics are applied in such fields as networks, logistics and transportation, engineering design, finance and security.

This book provides the fundamental underlying mathematical theory, numerical algorithms and effi cient computational tools for the solution of multi-level mixedinteger optimization problems. It can enable a vast array of decision makers and engineers (e.g. process engineers, bioengineers, chemical and civil engineers, and economists) to model, formulate and solve hierarchical decision making problems. The book gives detailed insights on multi-level optimization by comprehensive explanations, step-by-step numerical examples and case studies, plots, and diagrams.

This volume includes papers presented at IIH-MSP 2017, the 13th International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, held on 12–15 August 2017 in Matsue, Shimane, Japan. The conference covered topics ranging from information hiding and security, and multimedia signal processing and networking, to bio-inspired multimedia technologies and systems. This volume focuses on subjects related to multimedia security and applications, wearable computing, Internet of Things (IoT) privacy and information security, biomedical system design and applications, emerging techniques and applications, soft computing and applications, applications of image encoding and rendering, and information hiding and its criteria. Updated with the latest research outcomes and findings, the papers presented appeal to researchers and students in the corresponding fields.

“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc.

This book presents research from leading scholars throughout the world. Contents: Preface; Reduction Theory of Von Neumann Algebras in Real Case; Some Recent Results and Problems for Set-Valued Mappings; On (p, s)-Regularity of the Inversion Problem for the Sturm-Liouville Equation; Spaces of Functions Holomorphic in Convex Bounded Domains of C and Smooth Up to the Boundary; Weak Bilevel Programming Problems: Existence of Solutions; A Remark about the Shannon's Sampling Theorem; Quantum Integral Equations with Kernels of Quantum White Noise in Space and Time; On the Dependence Structure of a System of Components with a Multivariate Shot-Noise Hazard Rate Process; Global Exponential Stability and Periodic Solutions of Cellular Neural Networks (CNN's) with Delays; Some Remarks on the Charged Top; On a Transport Operator Arising in Growing Cell Populations Spectral Analysis; On Viscoelastic Fluids in Elongation; Fuzzy relational Model for Knowledge Processing and Decision Making; Index

Global Optimization has emerged as one of the most exciting new areas of mathematical programming. Global optimization has received a wide attraction from many fields in the past few years, due to the success of new algorithms for addressing previously intractable problems from diverse areas such as computational chemistry and biology, biomedicine, structural optimization, computer sciences, operations research, economics, and engineering design and control. The chapters in this volume focus on recent deterministic methods and stochastic methods for global optimization, distributed computing methods in global optimization, and applications of global optimization in several branches of applied science and engineering, computer science, computational chemistry, structural biology, and bio-informatics.