Respiration is one of the most basic motor activities crucial for survival of the individual. It is under total control of the central nervous system, which adjusts respiratory depth and frequency depending on the circumstances the individual finds itself. For this reason this volume not only reviews the basic control systems of respiration, located in the caudal brainstem, but also the higher brain regions, that change depth and frequency of respiration. Scientific knowledge of these systems is crucial for understanding the problems in the many patients suffering from respiratory failure. - This well-established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging subfields.

This book presents a new view on the evolution of the brain, cognition, and emotion. Around a half-century ago, Professor Harry Jerison published a seminal book entitled Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence. Since then, there has been a series of dramatic methodological and conceptual changes which have led to many new insights into the understanding of brain evolution and cognition. This book is particularly focused on three significant aspects of such changes. First, taking advantage of a new integrated approach called evolutionary developmental biology or Evo/Devo, researchers have started to look into vertebrate brain evolution from the developmental perspective. Second, comparative neuroanatomists have accumulated a large amount of information about the brains of diverse animal groups to refute the old-fashioned idea that vertebrate brains evolved linearly from non-mammals to mammals. Third, comparative behavioral studies have demonstrated that sophisticated cognition and emotion are not unique to some primates but are also found in many non-primate and even non-mammalian species. This work will appeal to a wide readership in such fields as neuroscience, cognitive science, and behavioral science.

In this Handbook, Laith Al-Shawaf and Todd K. Shackelford have gathered a group of leading scholars in the field to present a centralized resource for researchers and students wishing to understand emotions from an evolutionary perspective. Experts from a number of different disciplines, including psychology, biology, anthropology, psychiatry, and others, tackle a variety of "how" (proximate) and "why" (ultimate) questions about the function of emotions in humans and nonhuman animals, how emotions work, and their place in human life. Comprehensive and integrative in nature, this Handbook is an essential resource for students and scholars from a diversity of fields wishing to build upon their theoretical and empirical understanding of the emotions.

The problem of how the brain produces consciousness, subjectivity and 'something it is like to be' remains one of the greatest challenges to a complete science of the natural world. While various scientists and philosophers approach the problem from their own unique perspectives and in the terms of their own respective fields, Biophysics of Consciousness: A Foundational Approach attempts a consilience across disparate disciplines to explain how it is possible that an objective brain produces subjective experience.This volume unites the crème de la crème of physicists, neuroscientists, and psychiatrists in the attempt to understand consciousness through a foundational approach encompassing ontological, evolutionary, neurobiological, and Freudian interpretations with the focus on conscious phenomena occurring in the brain. By integrating the perspectives of these diverse disciplines with the latest research and theories on the biophysics of the brain, the book tries to explain how consciousness can be an adaptive and causal element in the natural world.

 Kitap Tanıtım Yazısı: “Spiritual Evolution” What is it and How to Spiritually Evolve? “Spiritual Evolution means to be a human. Everything else means to be an animal” "Spiritual evolution has nothing to do with any religion but everything to do with the eternal spirit inside the temporary body!" The important work of Akif Manaf, the world renowned and great author of over 60 published books, "Spiritual Evolution: What is it and How to Spiritually Evolve?" premiers in English. The world famous and great author, Akif Manaf, tells the truth regarding Spiritual Evolution in his famous book "Spiritual Evolution.” A new addition to his 60 book series, this work takes the reader on a breathless journey full of adventure and mystery and is now available in English! The author strips the readers from today's competition, greed, possessiveness, and the chaos of technological dependence while enabling us to recognize the unique values of our self being. You will become aware of the tremendous human potential! As you read, you will look at life with brand new eyes and hope! This book is a phenomenal work that compels the reader to spiritually evolve, change, and develop. The author's book “Spiritual Evolution” has extraordinary features. The reader feels the immense pleasure of existence and the cosmic mechanism. The narratives’ human and superhuman values will awaken the awareness that leads to your self being. It is a must read! “..Spiritual evolution is a mystic adventure – the adventure of raising consciousness. In this adventure, there is no chance or luck because spiritual evolution is dynamic. It is in the existential flow and transcends fate. In short, to spiritually evolve is to overcome destiny and rewrite the future! Two things are important for spiritual evolution: the first thing is to be an independent researcher, and the second is to search without prejudice. Do not investigate anything, just search, and you will find everything. The name of the “finding everything” is spiritual evolution. Spiritual evolution means love and humor. If you want to spiritually evolve, you need to learn to burst into laughter; do not be so serious. The ones who are serious cannot spiritually evolve because spiritual evolution means laughing out loud. The journey of spiritual evolution is not related to beliefs but to wisdom. So, spiritual evolution is a journey of wisdom. On the process of spiritual evolution, the individual passes from the microcosmic experiences to the macrocosmic experience. The way to spiritual evolution passes through questioning everything. Today, spiritual evolution is the tool for both individual and social change, transformation, and salvation. The modern people will either transform their energy by raising it and spiritually evolving, or they will commit suicide. However, this highly effective methodology we offer to humanity is the tool of social spiritual evolution. Use it with joy!..” Titles from the Book: What is spiritual evolution? What is the dynamic of spiritual evolution? What is the mystery of spiritual evolution? What is the paradox of spiritual evolution? What is the tool of spiritual evolution? What is the summit of spiritual evolution? What is the celebration of spiritual evolution? What are the metaphysics of spiritual evolution? What are the mathematics of spiritual evolution? What is the secret of spiritual evolution? What is the miracle of spiritual evolution? *** TEKÂMÜL NEDİR VE NASIL TEKÂMÜL EDİLİR? “Spiritual Evolution means to be a human. Everything else means to be an animal.” 60’tan fazla kitabın dünyaca ünlü yazarı Akif Manaf’ın önemli eseri TEKÂMÜL NEDİR VE NASIL TEKÂMÜL EDİLİR? İngilizce olarak yayınlandı! 60’tan fazla kitabın ünlü yazarı Akif Manaf’ın TEKÂMÜL gerçeğini anlattığı, okuyucuyu macera ve gizem dolu soluksuz bir yolculuğa çıkardığı ünlü eseri TEKAMÜL, şimdi de İngilizce yayınlandı. Eserde “Tekâmül” ve “Evrim” kavramları, bilim, inanç ve evrensel gerçekler yoluyla çağımızın insanına çok yönlü açıklanıyor. Yazar, özvarlığımızdaki eşsiz değerlerin farkına varmamızı sağlarken günümüzün rekabet, hırs, sahiplenme ve teknoloji bağımlılığı karmaşasından, okuyucuyu aniden sıyırıp çıkarıyor. Muazzam insani güçlerinizin farkına varacaksınız! Okudukça hayata yepyeni gözler ve umutlarla bakacaksınız! Gerçekten tekâmül etmek, değişmek ve gelişmek isteyeceğiniz muazzam bir eser! Anlatımlarında var olmanın yüksek hazzını, evrensel işleyişi, insani ve insanüstü değerleri okuyucuya hissettirmekte sıradışı bir özelliği olan yazarın TEKAMÜL kitabı, özvarlığınıza giden yüksek farkındalığı uyandıracak. Mutlaka okuyun! Araştırmacı - yazar Akif Manaf kitaba şöyle başlıyor: “...Tekâmül yolunda ilerleyen aydınlanmış insan gitgide belirli özelliklere ve erdemlere sahip olmaktadır. Bunlardan bazıları koşulsuz sevgi, şefkat, duygudaşlık, yargısız olmak, affedicilik, pozitif düşünmek, gözlemci olmak, farkında olmak, anı yaşamak.... Bu önemli meziyetler tekâmül yolunda kendiliğinden gelişmektedir. “...Tekâmül, aşk ve mizah demektir. Eğer tekâmül etmek istiyorsan kahkaha atmayı öğren, sakın ciddi olma. Ciddi olanlar cidden tekâmül etmez çünkü tekâmül katılarak gülmektir...” “...İnsan ya tekâmül ederek masumlaşır ya da çökerek kurnazlaşır. Bunun başka bir alternatifi yoktur...” “...Dayatılmış her türlü inancın amacı insanı köleleştirmektir. Oysa tekâmülün amacı mutlak özgürlüktür....” Kitaptan Başlıklar: Tekâmül nedir? Tekâmül dinamiği nedir? Tekâmül gizemi nedir? Tekâmül paradoksu nedir? Tekâmül aracı nedir? Tekâmül zirvesi nedir? Tekâmül kutlaması nedir? Tekâmül metafiziği nedir? Tekâmül matematiği nedir? Tekâmül sırrı nedir? Tekâmül mucizesi nedir?

Have you ever wondered how the simple act of breathing has shaped life on Earth for billions of years? What if the air you breathe holds the key to unlocking the hidden secrets of human evolution? How has the evolution of breathing allowed life to thrive in water, land, and even shaped the future of human biology? Breathing is the essence of life, yet it is often overlooked in its complexity and impact on human evolution. The Evolution of Breath takes you on a captivating journey through time, exploring how this simple yet profound act has shaped life on Earth and transformed human biology. This book uncovers the hidden secrets behind the breath, the evolutionary shifts that allowed life to thrive, and the scientific breakthroughs that deepen our understanding of its vital role. Beginning with Timeline of Breath - Part 1, we explore the origins of breathing in Genesis, where the first breath of life emerged billions of years ago. You’ll learn about the primordial conditions that laid the foundation for respiration and how life forms began harnessing energy from their environment. This section explains the initial stages of biological evolution, revealing the intricate processes that birthed the life-sustaining breath. From there, we delve into Gasses, the critical elements that make breathing possible. Discover how oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases have influenced life, shaping not only biological systems but also ecosystems. This chapter brings to light how breathing and gases are intertwined, showcasing how ancient organisms evolved to make use of the Earth's atmosphere. In Symbiosis, the book uncovers the fascinating partnership between living organisms and the environment, where early forms of life co-evolved with their surroundings. This symbiotic relationship is key to understanding the breath’s role in sustaining life across different species and ecosystems, illustrating how interconnected our world truly is. Next, Aquatic Breathing takes us underwater, tracing the development of gills and how early organisms evolved to breathe in the aquatic world. This chapter examines the evolutionary leap that enabled life to thrive in oceans, seas, and rivers, setting the stage for the eventual transition to land. In Timeline of Breath - Part 2, we begin with Terrestrial Breathing, exploring the remarkable shift from aquatic to land breathing, as life adapted to new environments. Learn how the development of lungs enabled the first terrestrial animals to survive, and how this adaptation eventually led to the rise of mammals, reptiles, and birds. Human Breath explores the unique aspects of breathing in Homo sapiens. The book examines the sophisticated respiratory system that powers our bodies, how our breath fuels not only our cells but also our minds, and the profound connection between breath and humans. This chapter also touches on how breathing has been used for centuries to optimize mental and physical health, along with the negative legacy that civilization brought in. Finally, in the Future, the book takes a bold step toward what lies ahead. How will breathing evolve as humans face new environmental challenges and explore outer space? What does the future hold for the breath that sustains us? With each chapter, The Evolution of Breath combines science, history, and biology to illuminate the critical role of breathing in the evolution of life on Earth. Whether you're curious about your own biology or fascinated by the history of life, this book is a breath of fresh air that will leave you with a deeper appreciation of the simple act that defines life.

Why do we think that we can understand animal voices - such as the aggressive barking of a pet dog, and the longing meows of the family cat? Why do we think of deep voices as dominant and high voices as submissive. Are there universal principles governing our own communication system? Can we even see how close animals are related to us by constructing an evolutionary tree based on similarities and dissimilarities in acoustic signaling? Research on the role of emotions in acoustic communication and its evolution has often been neglected, despite its obvious role in our daily life. When we infect others with our laugh, soothe a crying baby with a lullaby, or get goose bumps listening to classical music, we are barely aware of the complex processes upon which this behavior is based. It is not facial expressions or body language that are affecting us, but sound. They are present in music and speech as "emotional prosody" and allow us to communicate not only verbally but also emotionally. This groundbreaking book presents a thorough exploration into how acoustically conveyed emotions are generated and processed in both animals and man. It is the first volume to bridge the gap between research in the acoustic communication of emotions in humans with those in animals, using a comparative approach. With the communication of emotions being an important research topic for a range of scientific fields, this book is valuable for those in the fields of animal behaviour, anthropology, evolutionary biology, human psychology, linguistics, musicology, and neurology.

Few areas have witnessed the type of growth we have seen in the affective sciences in the past decades. Across psychology, philosophy, economics, and neuroscience, there has been an explosion of interest in the topic of emotion and affect. Comprehensive, authoritative, up-to-date, and easy-to-use, the new Oxford Companion to Emotion and the Affective Sciences is an indispensable resource for all who wish to find out about theories, concepts, methods, and research findings in this rapidly growing interdisciplinary field - one that brings together, amongst others, psychologists, neuroscientists, social scientists, philosophers, and historians. Organized by alphabetical entries, and presenting brief definitions, concise overviews, and encyclopaedic articles (all with extensive references to relevant publications), this Companion lends itself to casual browsing by non-specialists interested in the fascinating phenomena of emotions, moods, affect disorders, and personality as well as to focused search for pertinent information by students and established scholars in the field. Not only does the book provide entries on affective phenomena, but also on their neural underpinnings, their cognitive antecedents and the associated responses in physiological systems, facial, vocal, and bodily expressions, and action tendencies. Numerous entries also consider the role of emotion in society and social behavior, as well as in cognitive processes such as those critical for perception, attention, memory, judgement and decision-making. The volume has been edited by a group of internationally leading authorities in the respective disciplines consisting of two editors (David Sander and Klaus Scherer) as well as group of 11 associate editors (John T. Cacioppo, Tim Dalgleish, Robert Dantzer, Richard J. Davidson, Ronald B. de Sousa, Phoebe C. Ellsworth, Nico Frijda, George Loewenstein, Paula M. Niedenthal, Peter Salovey, and Richard A. Shweder). The members of the editorial board have commissioned and reviewed contributions from major experts on specific topics. In addition to comprehensive coverage of technical terms and fundamental issues, the volume also highlights current debates that inform the ongoing research process. In addition, the Companion contains a wealth of material on the role of emotion in applied domains such as economic behaviour, music and arts, work and organizational behaviour, family interactions and group dynamics, religion, law and justice, and societal change. Highly accessible and wide-ranging, this book is a vital resource for scientists, students, and professionals eager to obtain a rapid, conclusive overview on central terms and topics and anyone wanting to learn more about the mechanisms underlying the emotions dominating many aspects of our lives.

A Seminal Work of Visionary Hope, Updated for the 21st Century In this era of government gridlock, economic and ecological devastation, and seemingly intractable global violence, our future is ever more ripe for — and in need of — fresh, creative reimagining. With her clear-eyed, inspiring, and sweeping vision of a possible global renaissance in the new millennium, Barbara Marx Hubbard shows us that our current crises are not the precursors of an apocalypse but the natural birth pains of an awakened, universal humanity. This is our finest hour. Conscious Evolution highlights the tremendous potential of newfound scientific knowledge, technological advances, and compassionate spirituality and illustrates the opportunities that each of us has to fully participate in this exciting stage of human history. As we do, we will bring forth all that is within us and not only save ourselves, but evolve our world. “Barbara Marx Hubbard has given us an extraordinary guide to an enlightened society. If enough of us read this book, something phenomenal will emerge.” — Marianne Williamson, author of A Return to Love “Read this book and cocreate the new American renaissance.” — Eric Utne, founder of Utne Reader “An urgent call to action from one of the truly great visionaries of our time.” — Neale Donald Walsch, author of Conversations with God

In this forcefully argued book, the leading evolutionary theorist of language draws on evidence from evolutionary biology, genetics, physical anthropology, anatomy, and neuroscience, to provide a framework for studying the evolution of human language and cognition. Philip Lieberman argues forcibly that the widely influential theories of language's development, advanced by Chomskian linguists and cognitive scientists, especially those that postulate a single dedicated language "module," "organ," or "instinct," are inconsistent with principles and findings of evolutionary biology and neuroscience. He argues that the human neural system in its totality is the basis for the human language ability, for it requires the coordination of neural circuits that regulate motor control with memory and higher cognitive functions. Pointing out that articulate speech is a remarkably efficient means of conveying information, Lieberman also highlights the adaptive significance of the human tongue. Fully human language involves the species-specific anatomy of speech, together with the neural capacity for thought and movement. In Lieberman's iconoclastic Darwinian view, the human language ability is the confluence of a succession of separate evolutionary developments, jury-rigged by natural selection to work together for an evolutionarily unique ability.