Designed to reach a wide audience of scholars and policymakers, this new series contains studies on urban sprawl, crime, taxes, education, poverty, and related subjects. Contents of the second issue include: "Decentralized Employment and the Transformation of the American City" Edward Glaeser (Brookings Institution) and Matthew Kahn (Columbia University) "Urban Sprawl: Lessons from Urban Economics" Jan K. Brueckner (University of Illinois) "Can Boosting Minority Car-Ownership Rates Narrow Inter-Racial Employment Gaps? Steven Raphael (University of California, Berkeley) and Michael Stoll (UCLA) "The Effects of Urban Poverty on Educational Outcomes: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment" Jens Ludwig (Georgetown University), Helen F. Ladd (Duke University), and Greg J. Duncan (Northwestern University) "Explaining Recent Declines in Food Stamp Program Participation" Janet Currie and Jeffrey Grogger (UCLA and NBER) "Racial Minorities and the Geography of Self-Employment" Dan Black, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, and Stuart Rosenthal (Syracuse University)

Designed to reach a wide audience of scholars and policymakers, this new series contains studies on urban sprawl, crime, taxes, education, poverty, and related subjects. "This journal will set the tone for urban economics for the coming decades. It will play a major role not only in academia, but also in ensuring that we have better urban economic policy." —George Akerlof, University of California, Berkeley Contents of the third issue include: "Local Government Fiscal Structure and Metropolitan Consolidation" Dennis Epple (Carnegie-Mellon University), Stephen Calabrese (University of South Florida), and Glenn Cassidy Should the Suburbs Help Finance Central City Public Services? Andrew Haughwout (Federal Reserve Bank of NY) and Robert Inman (University of Pennsylvania) "Tax Incentives and the City" Therese McGuire (UCLA) and Teresa Garcia-Mila (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) "Does Gentrification Harm the Poor?" Jacob Vigdor (Duke University) "Corruption in Cities: Graft and Politics in American Cities at the Turn of the Twentieth Century" Rebecca Menes (George Mason University) "Immigrant Children and Urban Schools: Lessons from New York on Segregation, Resources and School Attendance Patterns" Ingrid Gould Ellen, Katherine O'Regan, Amy Ellen Schwartz, and Leanna Stiefel (New York University) William G. Gale is the Arjay and Frances Fearing Miller Chair in Federal Economic Policy in the Economic Studies program at the Brookings Institution. Janet Roterber Pack is professor public policy and management and real estate at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.

Designed to reach a wide audience of scholars and policymakers, the Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs is an annual series that serves as a forum for cutting-edge, accessible research on urban policy. The editors seek to integrate broader research into the urban policy discussion by bringing urban studies scholars together with economists and researchers studying subjects with important urban implications. In this issue, papers examine a range of issues that are relevant to urban economics: —the effects of job location in an urban area on residential choice patterns —the impact of race, ethnicity, and gender on mortgage lending —the effects of urban characteristics on the development of new patents The volume also contains three papers on urban development outside of the United States: —urban sprawl in Europe —rural-to-urban migration patterns in Brazil —location patterns of industry agglomeration across Japanese cities

Designed to reach a wide audience of scholars and policymakers, the Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs is an annual series that serves as a forum for cutting-edge, accessible research on urban policy. Tentative contents include: •Growth of Medium-Size Cities in China Vernon Henderson (Brown University) • The Effects on Driving Patterns, Commuting Times, and Air Quality of New Public Projects to Expand Urban Rail Transit Matthew Kahn (Tufts University) and Nathaniel Baum-Snow (University of Chicago) • State Fiscal Constraints and Higher Education Spending Peter Orszag (Brookings) and Thomas Kane (UCLA) • Looking Back to Look Forward: What Can We Learn from Philadelphia's 350 Year History? Joseph Gyourko (University of Pennsylvania) • The Effect of California's Proposition 13 on Mobility Nada Wasi and Michelle White (University of California, San Diego) •Metropolitan Migration in the U.S.: The Impact of Immigrant Minorities, Blacks, and Seniors William Frey (University of Michigan) and Kao-Lee Liaw (McMaster University)

Designed to reach a wide audience of scholars and policymakers, the Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs is an annual series that serves as a forum for cutting-edge, accessible research on urban policy. The editors seek to integrate broader research into the urban policy discussion by bringing urban studies scholars together with economists and researchers studying subjects with important urban implications. The six papers in this issue address a wide variety of topics in urban economics. Contents include: Editors' Summary The Labor Market Effects of the 1960s Riots William J. Collins and Robert A. Margo (Vanderbilt University) The Rise of the Skilled City Edward L. Glasser and Albert Saiz School Funding Equalization and Residential Location for the Young and the Elderly Christian A.L. Hilber and Christopher J. Mayer The Anatomy of Rent Burdens: Immigration, Growth, and Rental Housing Erica Greulich, John M. Quigley, and Steven Raphael The Effect of Prison Releases on Regional Crime Rates Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll Who Benefits Whom in Local Television Markets? Joel Waldfogel

Designed to reach a wide audience of scholars and policymakers, this series contains studies on urban sprawl, crime, taxes, education, poverty, and related subjects. "This journal will set the tone for urban economics for the coming decades. It will play a major role not only in academia, but also in ensuring that we have better urban economic policy." - George Akerlof, University of California, Berkeley Contents include: The Geography of Inequality in the United States 1950-2000 Douglas S. Massey and Mary J. Fischer (University of Pennsylvania) Getting Inside Accountability: Lessons from Chicago Brian A. Jacob (Kennedy School of Government) School Accountability Ratings and Housing Values Thomas J. Kane, Douglas O. Staiger, and Gavin Samms Public School Finance and Urban School Policy: General vs Partial Equilibrium Analysis Thomas Nechyba Catching Cheating Teachers: The Results of an Unusual Experiment in Implementing Theory Brian A. Jacob and Steven D. Levitt Local Variation in Land Use Regulations Bengte Evenson and William C. Wheaton

Oeuvre vs. Abstract Space: Appropriation of Gezi Park in Istanbul Senem Zeybekoglu Sadri, Dr. 1-10 DOI https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3643 Identity in Changing Context: Factors of losing Identity in new developed part of the city of Famagusta, North Cyprus Hourakhsh Ahmad Nia, Dr., Yousif Hussien Suleiman, MA. 11-20 DOI https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3644 The inspiration of Bauhaus principles on the modern housing in Cyprus Mustafa Aziz Amen, Ph.D. Candidate 21-32 DOI https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3645 An agenda for the Management of contemporary Sustainable houses Ifeanyi Obi, Dr. 33-37 DOI https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3646 Courtyard Housing in China: Chinese Quest for Harmony Donia Zhang, Dr. 38-56 DOI https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3647 Density, Energy and Metabolism of a proposed smart city Anindita Mandal, Dr., Hugh Byrd, Dr. 57-68 DOI https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3648 Establishment of space syntax to read urban road network; the case of Sari, Iran Ehsan Valipour, Ph.D. Candidate, Samira Tayyebisoudkolaei, MA., Abdolah Mobaraki, Ph.D. Candidate 69-75 DOI https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3649 Profession vs Ethics Hossein Sadri, Dr. 76-82 DOI https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3650

Urban Planning as an Extension of War Planning The Case of Shenyang, China, 1898-1966 HUAQING WANG, Dr., GALEN NEWMAN, Dr., ZHIFANG WANG, Dr. 1-12 PDF HTML Evaluating Staff Perceptions of Supportive Healing Environment in Healthcare Facilities PATRICK CHUKWUEMEKE UWAJEH, Dr., IKENNA STEPHEN EZENNIA, Ph.D. candidate 13-25 PDF HTML From Zoning Based Area To A Hybrid Space; The Transformation Strategies FARHAN ABDULLAH ALI, Dr. 26-37 PDF HTML The Role Of Urban Density And Morphology In The Air Pollution Of Tehran Metropolitan ROUHOLLAH OSHRIEH, Ph.D. candidate, EHSAN VALIPOUR, Dr. 38-43 PDF HTML Urban Sprawl Negative Impact: Enkomi Return Phase KAMYAR FULADLU, Dr. 44-51 PDF HTML Economic Diversification and the Urban Image; Changing the Narrative on Street Vending MUHAMMAD K BALARABE, Ph.D. Candidate, ABDULSALAM SHEMA IBRAHIM, Ph.D. Candidate, MARYAM AHMAD, M.Sc. 52-61 PDF HTML Environmental Regulations and Rules: United Nations Perspective and the Nigeria Experience FASHUYI OLUGBENGA, Dr. 62-66 PDF HTML Evaluation of the Sustainable Aspects In Housing Sector To Overcome Housing Stress In Northern Iraq RAHEL MOHAMMED AMIN, M.Sc., SALAR SALAH MUHY AL-DIN, Dr. 67-81 PDF HTML Access to Land Influencing the Urban Development of Egypt MOHAMED RASLAN, Dr., HANY AYYAD, Dr. 82-91 PDF HTML Learning from Resilience: Cities towards a Self-Organizing System CEMALIYE EKEN, Ph.D. candidate 92-103 PDF HTML Impact of A Community Place in Regards to Sustainable Design towards Decreasing Social Crime Nadereh Afzhool, M.A. 104-108 PDF HTML Effects of Architectural and Urban Design Project Competitions on Built Environment and New Discourses Brought Thereby OSMAN UMIT Sirel, M.Sc., AYSE SIREL, Dr., BURAK TURSOY, M.Sc. 109-120 PDF HTML Cultural landscape devastation as a consequence of poor Sustainable Urban Development practice Case study: Kostanjica, Boka Bay, Montenegro KOSARA KUJUNDZIC, Ph.D. Candidate, SLAVICA STAMATOVIC VUCKOVIC, Dr. 121-131 PDF HTML Urban Rights and Sustainability in Latin-America: First Steps towards Urban Justice Operationalization Javier Alonso Gómez Dávila, Dr. 132-142 PDF HTML Evaluating Gender Based Behavior in Historical Urban Public Place Case study: Grand Bazaar, Kerman, Iran Ph. D Candidate. Aida Jalalkamali , MA. Elham Anjomshoa 143-153 PDF HTML Establishment of Space syntax to read and analyze urban network; the case of study, Famagusta city of Cyprus EHSAN VALIPOUR, Dr., ABDOLLAH MOBARAKI, Ph.D. candidate, MOJDEH NIKOOFAM, Ph.D. candidate, SAMIRA TAYYEBISOUDKOLAEI, BSc 154-160 PDF HTML Concomitant Recital of a Prolonged Reign: Dilation of the Dutch Empire and Enticement of Ascendency, Delineating Batavia, Victim and Valedictorian SIEPAN KHALIL, B.A., PAKINAM ZEID, B.A. 161-174 PDF HTML Visual pollution phenomena and sensitivity of residences in heritage city centers Case of: Old district of Manama city, Kingdom of Bahrain ISLAM H. EL-GHONAIMY, Dr. 175-190 PDF HTML The Effects of Built Environment Landscaping on Site Security: Reviews on Selected Shopping Centers in Istanbul Gökçen Firdevs Yücel Caymaz 191-201 PDF HTML

This Handbook is the first to explore the emergent field of ‘placemaking’ in terms of the recent research, teaching and learning, and practice agenda for the next few years. Offering valuable theoretical and practical insights from the leading scholars and practitioners in the field, it provides cutting-edge interdisciplinary research on the placemaking sector. Placemaking has seen a paradigmatic shift in urban design, planning, and policy to engage the community voice. This Handbook examines the development of placemaking, its emerging theories, and its future directions. The book is structured in seven distinct sections curated by experts in the areas concerned. Section One provides a glimpse at the history and key theories of placemaking and its interpretations by different community sectors. Section Two studies the transformative potential of placemaking practice through case studies on different places, methodologies, and theoretical frameworks. It also reveals placemaking’s potential to nurture a holistic community engagement, social justice, and human-centric urban environments. Section Three looks at the politics of placemaking to consider who is included and who is excluded from its practice and if the concept of placemaking needs to be reconstructed. Section Four deals with the scales and scopes of art-based placemaking, moving from the city to the neighborhood and further to the individual practice. It juxtaposes the voice of the practitioner and professional alongside that of the researcher and academic. Section Five tackles the socio-economic and environmental placemaking issues deemed pertinent to emerge more sustainable placemaking practices. Section Six emphasizes placemaking’s intersection with urban design and planning sectors and incudes case studies of generative planning practice. The final seventh section draws on the expertise of placemakers, researchers, and evaluators to present the key questions today, new methods and approaches to evaluation of placemaking in related fields, and notions for the future of evaluation practices. Each section opens with an introduction to help the reader navigate the text. This organization of the book considers the sectors that operate alongside the core placemaking practice. This seminal Handbook offers a timely contribution and international perspectives for the growing field of placemaking. It will be of interest to academics and students of placemaking, urban design, urban planning and policy, architecture, geography, cultural studies, and the arts.

Understanding the modern city and the powerful forces within it is the life’s work of Harvard urban economist Edward Glaeser, who at forty is hailed as one of the world’s most exciting urban thinkers. Travelling from city to city, speaking to planners and politicians across the world, he uncovers questions large and small whose answers are both counterintuitive and deeply significant. Should New Orleans be rebuilt? Why can’t my nephew afford an apartment in New York? Is London the new financial capital of the world? Is my job headed to Bangalore? In Triumph of the City, Glaeser takes us around the world and into the mind of the modern city – from Mumbai to Paris to Rio to Detroit to Shanghai, and to any number of points in between – to reveal how cities think, why they behave in the manners that they do, and what wisdom they share with the people who inhabit them. 'A masterpiece' Steven D. Levitt, co-author of Freakonomics 'A brilliant read: persuasive and provocative' Time Out 'Replete with lightly borne learning, this is a tremendous book' Bryan Appleyard, Literary Review 'Fascinating' Sunday Telegraph 'Comprehensive, compelling and strongly recommended" Tim Harford, author of The Undercover Economist and Adapt 'A hymn to the city' Metro