Fouling occurs when marine microbes, plants, and animals, and/or their spores and larvae attach and grow on the hull of a boat or ship. If they survive the trip to a distant harbor, they may spawn, release spores, or be removed and discarded there. If they succeed in the new area, they may create problems.

A synoptic analysis of the temperature field off the California coast for the surface, 10-meter and 100-meter level is provided for the years 1958-1959. Data used are from CCOFI cruises. These analyses are shown to be adequate for detecting probable upwelling areas. The areas of persistent upwelling are at 29 N, 31 N and 33 N adjacent to the California coast. There appears to be a preference for a steep gradient of the sea floor in these areas. The onset and decay of upwelling appears to depend on latitudinal position of the 11 C isotherm at 100 meters. (Author).