This report focusses on four inorganic fluorides of environmental importance: hydrogen fluoride, calcium fluoride or fluorspar, sodium fluoride, and sulphur hexafluoride. It contains information on inorganic fluoride chemistry & speciation, analytical methods, natural & anthropogenic sources, fate & fluoride levels in the environment, fluoride bioaccumulation & bioconcentration, and effects of inorganic fluorides on aquatic organisms (including fish, plants, invertebrates, and semi-aquatic mammals & birds). The final section sets out fluoride concentration guidelines to protect recreational water quality, aesthetics, and aquatic life.

This report describes the development of Canadian water quality guidelines for the nitrate ion for the protection of aquatic life. It contains a review of technical background information on the chemical & physical properties of nitrate & nitrate salts, the nitrogen cycle, natural & anthropogenic sources, fate & behaviour of nitrate in the environment, nitrate environmental concentrations, and effects of nitrates on aquatic organisms (including fish, plants, invertebrates, and semi-aquatic mammals & birds). The final section sets out nitrate concentration guidelines to protect fresh & marine water quality and aquatic life, and provides guidance on the application of the guidelines. Appendices include tables that summarize freshwater & marine toxicity studies.

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.

Water Quality and Standards is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The two volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Water Quality And Standards such as: Water Quality And Standards; Water Quality Standards And Monitoring; Basic Concepts And Definitions In Water Quality And Standards; Classification Of Water Quality Standards; Assessment Of Standards; Natural Waters; Surface Water Monitoring; Groundwater Monitoring; Water Quality Needs And Standards For Different Sectors And Uses; Water Supply And Health Care; Water Supply For Agriculture, Aquaculture, And Fisheries; Evaluation Of Water Quality In Aquatic Ecosystems; Industrial Water; Management Of Water Supplies After A Disaster; Effects Of Human Activities On Water Quality; Hydrologic Cycle And Water Usage; Minimizing Loads On Water Bodies; Groundwater Degradation By Human Activities; Surface Water Degradation By Human Activities; Pollution Sources; Point Sources Of Pollution; Non-Point Sources Of Pollution; Salinization Of Soils; Water Pollution By Agriculture And Other Rural Uses; Urban Water Pollution; Industrial Water Pollution; Contamination Of Water Resources; Organical Chemicals As Contaminants Of Water Bodies And Drinking Water; Inorganic Chemicals Including Radioactive Materials In Water bodies; Microbial/Biological Contamination Of Water; Physical / Mechanical Contamination Of Water. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers

Water Quality and Standards is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Drinking water should not be contaminated by microbes or chemical substances harmful to human health. This theme discusses water quality and the water quality standards required for the purpose of use in all its aspects. This work in two volumes is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, Managers, and Decision makers and NGOs

"A literature review was conducted of the available information on the physical and chemical properties, environmental concentrations, environmental fate and persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxic effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on freshwater and marine biota. The information is summarized in this publication. From this information, water quality guidelines are recommended for the protection of specific water uses in Canada"--Abstract

"Sediments provide habitat for many benthic and epibenthic organisms. They also influence the environmental fate of many chemical substances in aquatic ecosystems by acting as both sinks and subsequently sources of substances that have entered the aquatic environment. This document outlines the procedures that are set out for deriving scientifically sound national sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Introductory guidance is also provided on how these guidelines are intended to be used in conjunction with other types of information"--Abstract.

This book explores the many dimensions of water quality problems in different parts of the globe, with focus on problems of governance, from legal frameworks to social discourses and compensation measures. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.3 on Water and Sanitation emphasizes the centrality of improving water quality to attain sustainable development. Yet the obstacles to achieving this goal are significant. This book explores the variety of difficult, possibly intractable “wicked” problems of water quality governance around the world. Cases include the challenge of managing water from source to sea, exploring why attempts to do so have come up short in limiting harm to the Great Barrier Reef; differing social discourses on market based instruments in Canada; efforts to bring to closure the human legacies of Minamata methyl mercury poisoning half a century ago in Japan; current problems of mercury use in Andean mining; misalignment of established Eastern European water laws with those of the EU; water quality markets in China; the impacts of service coverage and quality on low income households in countries from New Zealand to Bangladesh and Malawi; the importance of perceptions, ranging from the use of treated wastewater by farmers in the MENA region to consumers in Fukushima and to users of the artificial river in Beijing’s Olympic Park; and finally the confluence of wicked problems in refugee camps facing COVID. The chapters in this book were originally published in the journal, Water International.