With their unprecedented success, cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy (ATC), and immunomodulators are being increasingly used for various malignancies. Distinct from traditional treatments including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, immunotherapeutics attempt to create long-lasting anti-tumor effects. However, only a minority of patients experience long-term benefits to single-agent immunotherapy, and most patients do not have initial responses to the immunotherapy or develop relapse after promising initial responses. Strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance include (1) the development of biomarkers to select potential responders and/or exclude potential non-responders; and (2) the usage of combination treatments (ICIs, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, vaccines, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and etc.) comprising different mechanisms of action and target multiple resistant mechanisms. At the same time, the possibility of new side effects due to the combinatorial strategies or the potential amplification of the well-known side effects of the ICIs, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs), should be carefully monitored.

Early diagnosis of HNSCC can cause improved treatment, treatment response rates and reduction in mortality rates. Recently, miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics have gained considerable attention among the scientific community. MiRNAs are known to have great potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis of HNSCC, and play a role in development of targeted gene therapy.Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of MicroRNAs in Head and Neck Cancer provides detailed information on various miRNA-based approaches for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of HNSCC. It encompasses various miRNA-based point of care diagnostics and drug delivery systems for HNSCC along with the information on the clinical trials of miRNAs for improved clinical outcomes in HNSCC patients. The book provides a comprehensive overview of currently available miRNAs associated with HNSCC and their extensive application for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This book will help scientists and clinicians to win the battle against HNSCC. - Covers the role of the tumor microenvironment in head and neck cancer - Provides information on oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs dysregulated in HNSCC patients - Elucidates the role of miRNAs in metastasis, recurrence, and chemoresistance in HNSCC - Includes the current state-of-art in miRNA-based clinical trials for head

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers that, if combined, represent one of the most common cancer types. Patients with HNC suffer significant morbidity and mortality due to the importance of the structures involved. Over two-thirds of these patients are diagnosed at a late stage, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, advancements in early detection and treatment of HNC are crucial. Volume I begins with a general overview, including the industry landscape, of HNC detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Next, it covers the applications of innovative technologies such as microfluidics, nanotechnology, and deep learning to early detect as well as study HNC. For example, studying the cellular features at a single-cell level became possible with the advancement of technologies such as mass cytometry or specifically, Cytometry by Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (CyTOF), which has revolutionized the way we can study complex human diseases such as HNC. Finally, the last few chapters are dedicated to describing the standard of care of HNC. The first volume of Early Detection and Treatment of Head & Neck Cancers is highly pertinent to the next generation of interdisciplinary clinicians, scientists, residents, and students who are particularly interested in HNC and in the translation of early detection methods, technologies, and research to clinical practice.

This Research Topic is Volume II of a series. The previous volume, which has attracted over 31k views can be found here: Smart Nanomaterials for Biosensing and Therapy Applications Medicine today faces several challenges when it comes to detecting diseases and prescribing effective treatments, which is crucial for successful disease diagnosis and treatment. Due to their unique structural and functional properties, nanomaterials, which have high surface areas and nanoscale sizes, are gaining wide attention and interest in bioengineering and biotechnology. Compared with bulk materials and molecular molecules, smart nanomaterials with special optical, magnetic, electrical and mechanical properties have shown great potential for biosensing and therapy applications. The development of these smart nanomaterials has created powerful and promising tools to address challenges in conventional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, such as the lack of diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficiency. In the recent past, advances in smart nanomaterials and medical research have opened new possibilities for disease diagnosis and treatment.

Cancer care is undergoing a radical transformation as novel technologies are directed toward new treatments and personalized medicine. The most dramatic advances in the treatment of cancer have come from therapeutics that augment the immune response to tumors. The immune checkpoint inhibitors are the best-known and most highly advanced examples of Immune Therapeutics targeting tumor cells and include approved antibody drugs directed at the cell surface proteins CTLA4 and PD-1. These are now considered foundational treatments for several solid tumor indications, and that list of indications is growing quickly. More broadly, antibodies have become workhorse molecules across the entire immunotherapy landscape. Antibodies to novel targets modulate the activity of diverse immune cell regulatory proteins. Engineered antibodies can induce tumor cell death or expose tumor cells to poisonous toxins (ADCC and ADC, respectively). Bi-specific antibodies can engage multiple tumor targets simultaneously, or can redirect lymphocytes to attack tumor cells. The antigen-binding domains within antibodies can be spliced onto cell stimulatory domains and transduced into T cells or NK cells, creating remarkable tumor-specific cellular therapeutics (CAR-T, CAR-NK). Beyond antibody-based therapies there are highly diverse and differentiated technology tool kits being applied to immunotherapy. Small molecule drugs are being developed to attack the tumor microenvironment, novel tumor vaccine approaches are showing great promise, patient lymphocytes are being isolated, expanded and reintroduced to patients, gene-editing techniques are becoming widely deployed, and a vast number of new tumor targets, and mutated tumor proteins (neoantigens), are being discovered. The past decade has seen unprecedented success in the treatment of diverse cancers. The authors of this volume have been asked to not only review progress to date, but importantly, to look ahead, and anticipate the evolution of cancer treatment across diverse Immune Therapeutic approaches. Our hypothesis is that the advances we are seeing across the immunotherapy landscape will further evolve and synergize, leading us finally to outright cures for many cancers.

The Hematology: Diagnosis and Treatment eBook is the ideal mobile resource in hematology! It distills the most essential, practical information from Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice, 6th Edition - the comprehensive masterwork by Drs. Hoffman, Benz, Silberstein, Heslop, Weitz, and Anastasi - into a concise, clinically focused resource that's optimized for reference on any e-reader. Focusing on the dependable, state-of-the-art clinical strategies you need to optimally diagnose and manage the full range of blood diseases and disorders, this eBook is a must-have for every hematologist's mobile device! Apply the latest know-how on heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, stroke, acute coronary syndromes, hematologic manifestations of liver disease, hematologic manifestations of cancer, hematology in aging, and many other hot topics. Get quick, focused answers on the diagnosis and management of blood diseases - in a portable digital format that you can carry and consult anytime, anywhere. View abundant images that mirror the pivotal role hematopathology plays in the practice of modern hematology. Count on all the authority that has made Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, edited by Drs. Hoffman, Benz, Silberstein, Heslop, Weitz, and Anastasi, the go-to clinical reference for hematologists worldwide. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Compatible with Kindle®, nook®, and other popular devices.