For long, high dose ionizing radiation was considered as a net immune suppressing agent, as shown, among others, by the exquisite radiosensitivity of the lymphoid system to radiation-induced cell killing. However, recent advances in radiobiology and immunology have made this picture more complex. For example, the recognition that radiation-induced bystander effects, share common mediators with various immunological signalling processes, suggests that they are at least partly immune mediated. Another milestone was the finding, in the field of onco-immunology, that local tumor irradiation can modulate the immunogenicity of tumor cells and the anti-tumor immune responsiveness both locally, in the tumor microenvironment, and at systemic level. These observations paved the way for studies exploring optimal combinations of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in order to achieve a synergistic effect to eradicate tumors. However, not all interactions between radiation and the immune system are beneficial, as it was recognized that many of radiation-induced late side effects are also of immune and inflammatory nature. Currently perhaps the most studied field of research in radiation biology is focused around the biological effects of low doses, where many of the observed pathophysiological endpoints are due to mechanisms other than direct radiation-induced cell killing and are immune-related. Finally, it must not be forgotten that the interactions between the ionizing radiations and the immune system are bi-directional, and activation of the immune system also influences the outcome of radiation exposure. This Research Topic brings together 23 articles and aims to give an overview of the complex and very often contradictory nature of the interactions between ionizing radiation and the immune system. Due to its increasing penetrance in the population both through medical diagnostic or environmental sources or during cosmic travel low dose ionizing radiation exposure is becoming a major epidemiological concern world-wide. Several of the articles within the Research Topic specifically address potential long-term health consequences and the underlying mechanisms of low dose radiation exposure. A major intention of the Editors was also to draw the attention of the non-radiobiological scientific community on the fact that ionizing radiation is by far more than purely an immune suppressing agent.

This book is a valuable source for oncologists and all other physicians dealing with cancer survivors. It provides detailed information on the evidence-based benefits and forms of intervention, with contributions by a highly prestigious and well recognized panel of experts. Chapters deal with all features of survivorship outlining the role of the oncologist and other caregivers and discusses survivorship care in different countries and different settings. The book addresses new challenges and complex issues broader than medical issues faced by patients who are cured highlighting that cancer is no longer a death sentence. It provides evidence-based management guidance and addresses issues such as symptom management, palliative care, screening for recurrence, rehabilitation, fertility issues among others. This is an indispensable resource for oncologists, oncology nurses and other professionals dealing with cancer patients as well as patient advocacy groups and cancer leagues.

Recent decades have seen remarkable advances in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal malignancies, i.e., adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma as well as gastrointestinal stromal and other rare tumors of the esophagus and stomach. While, historically, surgical resection has been the sole treatment for these tumors, multimodal therapies have meanwhile proven their efficacy. At present, pre- and postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, targeted drug therapy, and stage-specific surgical approaches are all indispensable cornerstones of an individualized treatment for upper gastrointestinal malignancies. With such multimodal treatment, better outcomes comprising improved quality of life and prolonged survival have been achieved for patients. However, for many tumor entities and stages, the ideal combination and sequence of treatments is still being evaluated in clinical trials. Moreover, the value of novel approaches such as immunotherapy or robotic surgery remains a matter of research. In this Special Issue of Cancers, up-to-date original research, short communications, and comprehensive review articles on all modalities playing a role in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal malignancies have been published.

Cardio-oncology is a medical subspecialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and organ failure mediated by micro- to macro-circulation defects in cancer patients and survivors. The risk of CVD in cancer survivors is eight times higher than the general population, and the relative risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF) is 10 times and 15 times higher, respectively, compared to their siblings without cancer. It is important to note that cancer treatments including chemotherapy and radiation can lead to both short- (< 1 year) and long-term (> 5 years) cardiovascular complications. Previously, Dr. Edward T.H. Yeh initiated the MD Anderson Practice (MAP) project, and published 16 MAPs to provide the current best practice we considered at UT MD Anderson. As shown in these MAPs, one of the key issues of cardio-oncology practice and science is how we can allow cancer patients to receive maximum and uninterrupted treatments for cancer while protecting them from cancer therapy-mediated cardiovascular complications. Therefore, it is crucial to understand not only pathophysiology of CVD, but also mechanistic insights of how each cancer treatment can control cancer growth and metastasis. Without having the profound knowledge in the pathophysiological, clinical and epidemiologic aspects of cardiovascular complications of existing cancer therapy, it is impossible to establish the strong evidence-based strategies and approaches for both short- and long-term cardiovascular complications after cancer treatment. In addition, we believe that cardio-oncology science should not be restricted to deal with the side effects of each specific cancer drug, because many common cardiovascular phenotypes among the different cancer treatments are also observed. This Research Topic provides a comprehensive overview from both of the current research and practice, and a platform for obtaining the logical and up-to-date treatment and prevention of CVD in cancer patients and survivors.

Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

This new volume in the user-friendly Current Therapy format details the latest management techniques for over 200 clinical conditions encountered by cardiothoracic surgeons. It also features valuable advice on assessment, imaging, perioperative care, incisions, anesthesia, and more. Each chapter offers the guidance of a noted authority and includes carefully selected references for further study. Concise text packed with "high yield" information allows clinicians to review more in less time, making this the perfect choice for board preparation or as a "refresher" before procedures.

**Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 with "Essential Purchase" designation in Emergency Care** Emergency Nursing Core Curriculum, 7th Edition, presents a clear, concise, and thorough overview of emergency nursing. Authored by the Emergency Nurses Association (ENA), this new edition includes updated information on cancer guidelines, diabetes, HIPAA information and more! Building upon the strengths of previous editions, new photographs and illustrations make content more accessible, bringing essential concepts to life This edition provides nurses with an invaluable resource for certification review. Used by practicing emergency nurses at all levels, this highly-respected resource is essential for gaining knowledge, developing practice standards, and improving quality of care. - Authored by ENA, you can rely on this text to be the most authoritative and up-to-date resource available. - The text's outline format and alphabetical listing of the Clinical Emergencies chapters mean you can find the information you need - fast! - NEW! Updated content incorporates the latest information about: - New types of insulin - Cancer statistics - Stroke guidelines - HIPAA information - Healthy People 2020 - Sepsis protocols - Forensic Aspects of Emergency Nursing - Violence in the ED - Palliative care - ENA-authored ensures text is the most authoritative and up-to-date resource available. - NEW! Reorganized unit on trauma emergencies makes facts more easy to find. - Updated outline and alphabetical listing of the Clinical Emergencies chapters makes information quickly accessible. - NEW! Additional illustrations and tables enhance your understanding of key information.