Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted by a wide variety of cells in the body, playing crucial roles in many physiological responses and are involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recently, there is great progress in discoveries that some novel cytokines, including secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs), adiponectin, and C1q/TNF-Related Proteins (CTRPs), can perform a protective effect in cardiometabolic diseases, heart failure and coronary heart disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the molecular and pathophysiological actions of these cytokines in CVDs are still vague. Novel mechanisms of cell death including pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and PANoptosis have been considered novel therapeutic targets for CVDs. Some cytokines have been shown to regulate the cell death pathway in the incidence and development of CVDs. Further investigations are needed to understand the link between these novel cytokines and novel cell death models and pathways in CVDs.

At present, less than 30% of researchers worldwide are women. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are discouraging girls and women away from science-related fields, and STEM research in particular. Science and gender equality are, however, essential to ensure sustainable development as highlighted by UNESCO. In order to change traditional mindsets, gender equality must be promoted, stereotypes defeated, and girls and women should be encouraged to pursue STEM careers.​

Side Effects of Drugs Annual: A Worldwide Yearly Survey of New Data in Adverse Drug Reactions, Volume 45, first published in 1977, presents clinicians and medical investigators with a critical survey of new data and trends in adverse drug reactions and interactions. Topics covered include ADRs, ADEs and SEDs: A Bird's Eye View, Lithium, Drugs of abuse, Side effects of drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Sedatives and hypnotics, Antipsychotic agents, Anti-epileptic Medications, Side effects of opioid analgesics and narcotic antagonists, Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic analgesics and drugs used in gout, Side effects of local anesthetics and therapeutic gases, and more. Other sections covered include Antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists), Drugs that act on the respiratory tract, Positive inotropic drugs and drugs used in dysrhythmias, Beta adrenergic antagonists and antianginal drugs, Drugs acting on the cerebral and peripheral circulations, Antihypertensive drugs, and much much more. - Provides a critical yearly survey of the new data and trends regarding the side effects of drugs - Authored and reviewed by worldwide pioneers in the clinical and practice sciences - Presents an essential clinical guide on the side effects of drugs for practitioners and healthcare professionals alike

This Research Topic aims to collect all the Case Reports submitted to the Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases section. All the Case Reports submitted to this collection will be personally assessed by the Specialty Chief Editor before the beginning of the peer-review process. Please make sure your article adheres to the following guidelines before submitting it. Case Reports highlight unique cases of patients that present with an unexpected diagnosis, treatment outcome, or clinical course. Only Case Reports that are original and significantly advance the field will be considered: - RARE case with TYPICAL features - FREQUENT case with ATYPICAL features - Cases with a convincing response to new treatments, i.e. single case of off-label use