Chalcogenide-Based Nanomaterials as Photocatalysts deals with the different types of chalcogenide-based photocatalytic reactions, covering the fundamental concepts of photocatalytic reactions involving chalcogenides for a range of energy and environmental applications. Sections focus on nanostructure control, synthesis methods, activity enhancement strategies, environmental applications, and perspectives of chalcogenide-based nanomaterials. The book offers guidelines for designing new chalcogenide-based nanoscale photocatalysts at low cost and high efficiency for efficient utilization of solar energy in the areas of energy production and environment remediation. - Provides information on the development of novel chalcogenide-based nanomaterials - Outlines the fundamentals of chalcogenides-based photocatalysis - Includes techniques for heterogeneous catalysis based on chalcogenide-based nanomaterials

Nanostructured Materials for Visible Light Photocatalysis describes the various methods of synthesizing different classes of nanostructured materials that are used as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic hazardous dyes under visible light irradiation. The first three chapters include a general introduction, basic principles, mechanisms, and synthesis methods of nanomaterials for visible light photocatalysis. Recent advances in carbon, bismuth series, transition metal oxide and chalcogenides-based nanostructured materials for visible light photocatalysis are discussed. Later chapters describe the role of phosphides, nitrides, and rare earth-based nanostructured-based materials in visible light photocatalysis, as well as the characteristics, synthesis, and fabrication of photocatalysts. The role of doping, composites, defects, different facets, morphology of nanostructured materials and green technology for efficient dye removal under visible-light irradiation are also explored. Other topics covered include large-scale production of nanostructured materials, the challenges in present photocatalytic research, the future scope of nanostructured materials regarding environmental hazard remediation under visible light, and solar light harvesting. This book is a valuable reference to researchers and enables them to learn more about designing advanced nanostructured materials for wastewater treatment and visible-light irradiation. Covers all the recent developments of nanostructured photocatalytic materials Provides a clear overview of the mechanism of visible light photocatalysis and the controlled synthesis of nanostructured materials Assesses the major challenges of creating visible light photocatalysis systems at the nanoscale

The inorganic titanium dioxide TiO2 and metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) are the two most important photocatalysts owing to their low cost, non-toxicity, high thermal and chemical stability, as well as high reactivity. However, these two materials also suffer from certain drawbacks such as a relatively high rate of electron-hole pair recombination, a slightly large bandgap that requires UV-light for activation (TiO2), and a relatively small surface area (g-C3N4).This thesis focuses to overcome above drawbacks by combining TiO2 with low bandgap metal chalcogenide semiconducting nanoparticles as a strategy to create an efficient charge separation at the interface of the heterojunctions and to extend the absorption to visible region. This thesis also attempts to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of g-C3N4 by synthesizing it with high surface area and, finely, by combining it with TiO2. After describing briefly the motivation behind the work and the existing literature on the subject matter in the first chapter, the Chapter 2 describes precursor-mediated synthesis and photocatalytic activity of binary coinage metal chalcogenide nanoparticles and their composites with TiO2 under mild conditions. We successfully isolate and characterize kinetically and/or thermally unstable molecular species during the reactions, thus providing an insight into the molecule-to-nanoparticle mechanisms. The metal chalcogenide-titania nanocomposites show superior activity for the photodegradation of formic acid under ultraviolet light, as compared to titania (P25), which is a well-established benchmark for photocatalysis under UV light. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis of ternary coinage metal chalcogenides and their composites with titania. A direct room temperature reaction of tBu2Se with copper and silver trifluoroacetates gives copper-silver-selenide nanoparticles that are formed via a highly reactive intermediate molecular species [Ag2Cu(TFA)4(tBu2Se)4]. We also employed the pre-formed copper chalcogenide NPs as precursors and reacted it with di-tertiary butyl chalcogenide to obtain ternary metal chalcogenide nanoparticles and their composites with TiO2 in pure phase and with high yield. Photocatalytic studies for the degradation of formic acid under ultraviolet radiations show that the ternary CuAgSe-TiO2 nanocomposites are even better photocatalysts than the binary chalcogenide-TiO2 nanocomposites described in Chapter 2. The second part of this thesis described in Chapter 4 diverges from the earlier chapters to concentrate on the coupling of titania with graphitic carbon nitride. In the first step, we develop a simple single-step calcination approach to synthesize graphitic nanoparticles with a high surface area (200 m2/g). We test the prepared photocatalyst for the degradation of formic acid and phenol under visible light, and analyze the effect of factors such as surface area, irradiance and concentration of carbon nitride on the photocatalytic performance. Results show that the performance increases linearly with surface area and irradiance, whereas it first increases and gradually reaches plateau as concentration of the photocatalyst is increased. In the second step, we couple carbon nitride with titania using mechanical mixing. The prepared nanocomposites are then evaluated for the photodegradation of formic acid under both ultraviolet and visible lights. Finally, the Chapter 5 describes the experimental details of the synthesis and characterization of the molecular precursors, metal chalcogenide nanoparticles, g-C3N4 nanosheets as well as their composites with TiO2. It also describes in detail the experimental setup for the photocatalytic studies.

This first ever reference book that focuses on metal chalcogenide semiconductor nanostructures for renewable energy applications encapsulates the state-of-the-art in multidisciplinary research on the metal chalcogenide semiconductor nanostructures (nanocrystals, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, nanobelts, nanoflowers, nanoribbons and more). The properties and synthesis of a class of nanomaterials is essential to renewable energy manufacturing and this book focuses on the synthesis of metal chalcogendie nanostructures, their growth mechanism, optical, electrical, and other important properties and their applications in different diverging fields like photovoltaics, hydrogen production, theromelectrics, lithium battery, energy storage, photocatalysis, sensors. An important reference source for students, scientists, engineers, researchers and industrialists working on nanomaterials-based energy aspects associated with chemistry, physics, materials science, electrical engineering, energy science and technology, and environmental science.

Theoretical Concepts of Photocatalysis offers a systematic overview of photocatalysis while also exploring the theory and experimental studies of charge carrier dynamics. Introducing the fundamental concepts of photocatalytic reactions involving different types of photocatalysts for various applications, including the treatment of water and air, in food packaging, and in the biomedical and medical fields, the book shows different classes of photocatalysts for novel energy and environmental related applications. In addition, significant advantages, such as its low cost, high efficiency, harmlessness and stability are discussed alongside future perspectives and challenges related to photocatalysis. Focusing on nanostructure control, synthesis methods, activity enhancement strategies, environmental applications, and perspectives of semiconductor-based nanostructures, this book offers guidelines for designing new semiconductor-based photocatalysts with low cost and high efficiency to meet the demands of the efficient utilization of solar energy in the area of energy production and environment remediation. - Covers the different types of photocatalysts and related photocatalytic reactions - Offers theoretical and practical concepts of energy and environmental applications - Summarizes the fundamentals of semiconductor-based nanomaterials

Investigate the chalcogenides with this comprehensive consideration of their structural and chemical characteristics. This book provides a deep dive for researchers, material scientists, and inquisitive minds. • Explore the bonding patterns and atomic arrangements that define chalcogenides. • Unravel the unique crystal structures of various chalcogenide families, from layered wonders to complex networks. • Gain a thorough understanding of the factors governing chalcogenide formation and composition. • Have an impact on structural and chemical features by the electrical, optical, and other properties of chalcogenides. • Implement the vast applications of chalcogenides in fields ranging from photonics and electronics to energy storage and catalysis. • Learn the structural and chemical features of chalcogenides to provide a rich understanding of these versatile materials, positioning you to unlock their potential for groundbreaking advancements.

Metal-chalcogenides have exceptional properties and can be used for electronic devices, environmental monitoring, and sensing applications, for energy storage, as electrode materials, in fuel cells, membranes and for photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants in the field of waste-water treatment applications. Metal-Chalcogenide Nanocomposites: Fundamentals, Properties, and Industrial Applications focuses on metal chalcogenide nanomaterials for environmental remediation and corrosion applications. The chapters focuses on cost-effective and facile fabrication approaches, their growth mechanisms, optical, electrical, and other important properties and their applications in a broad range of diverse fields such as photocatalysis, photovoltaics, hydrogen production, lithium batteries, energy storage, anticorrosion, and sensor devices. The book will be an important information source for both material scientists and engineers who want to create the next generation of products and devices for energy and environmental applications. - Covers fabrication, standard characterization, photocatalytic mechanisms, and environmentally-sustainable fabrication methods - Applications covered include environmental, electronics, oil, gas, water treatment, sensing, and many more - Includes challenges and future opportunities, which are discussed in detail

This book portrays an extensive outline of “functionalized nanomaterials based supercapacitor”, including their fundamental as well as industrial-scale exploratory research. The contributed parts stretch the readers a complete report of the field of functionalized nanomaterials-based supercapacitor appropriate hypothetical standard of their structure to their execution, realization and potential application. It covers the latest system and functionalized nanomaterials for preparation, development, construction, validation and design of supercapacitor for commercial application. To best of our knowledge, there is no book available on the topic. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students can find this book a good source of knowledge and guidelines for their studies. They can find this book highly up to date, easy to use and understandable. This book is able to ease their thirst of learning of new and advanced electrochemical sensors. Moreover, the volume editors anticipate that this book is of significant interest to scientists working on the basic issues surrounding applications of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of this topic, this book attracts a broad audience including chemists, materials scientists, pharmacist, biologist and chemical engineers, who are involved and interested in the future frontiers of functionalized nanomaterials-based supercapacitor sciences and technology. Overall, this book is planned to be a reference book for researchers and scientists who are searching for new and advancement in supercapacitors sciences and technology.

This book highlights a multidisciplinary system for the future while protecting our environment. Certainly, the main objective of the proposed book has addressed several issues and bringing a good platform to understanding for future developments in metal oxide nanostructures for energy conversion, biomedical, and environmental management, however, which is support/carrier for antibacterial behaviors, pathogen infections, and bioinspired materials for energy savings and environmental impacts. Appropriately, I recommend the book to undergraduates, postgraduates, and doctoral students those who are working in materials science and researchers across the world working in interdisciplinary research.