This book is part of a series which makes available to English-speaking audiences the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of China’s economic reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Li Jiange (1949-) is one of the most notable and powerful economists holding office in China at present. He is currently the Vice-Chairman of the Central Huijin Investment Company, one of the most influential financial institutions in China. He is also a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and a Professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and other academic institutions. He has held many important positions in the state Research Office and the Department of Policies, Laws, and Regulations, and has been Director of the China Securities Regulatory Commission. His work has included major contributions to debates about maintaining financial stability, about achieving equitable income distribution, and about China’s overall economic development. The book is published in association with China Development Research Foundation, one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated.

This book is part of a series which makes available to English-speaking audiences the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of China’s economic reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Zhou Xiaochuan (1948-) has been Governor of the People’s Bank of China since 2002 and is one of the most influential economists in the world. He holds numerous other important positions, including Governor of the International Monetary Fund for China and Vice-Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Before his important work as a banker, he was in the 1980s a major contributor to the process of analysing policies to do with the structural reform of the Chinese economy. The book is published in association with China Development Research Foundation, one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated.

This book is part of a series which makes available to English-speaking audiences the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of China’s economic reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Wang Mengkui (1938-) has been Director of the Research Office under the State Council and was President of the State Council’s Development Research Centre from 1998 to 2007. A member of the Party since 1956, he has been responsible for drafting many key Chinese Communist Party documents, including Report on the Work of the Government, presented to the National People’s Congresses. The book is published in association with China Development Research Foundation, one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated.

This book, based on extensive original research, examines the factors which lead to successful innovation in Chinese industry. Considering the large and important Chinese mining industry in detail, it argues that innovation is key for success in all industries, not just new "tech" industries. It reveals how the interaction of universities, governments and industries is highly significant, considers how some parts of the industry, such as the mining and mineral processing stages, are more innovative than other stages, such as prospecting and mining equipment manufacturing, and suggests that this is explained both by the distance between final products and the market and commercialisation, and by the intensity of the interaction between the industrial company and the university or research institute. Throughout, the book includes examples and case studies to highlight the points made.

China has become deeply integrated into the world economy. Yet, gradual marketization has facilitated the country’s rise without leading to its wholesale assimilation to global neoliberalism. This book uncovers the fierce contest about economic reforms that shaped China’s path. In the first post-Mao decade, China’s reformers were sharply divided. They agreed that China had to reform its economic system and move toward more marketization—but struggled over how to go about it. Should China destroy the core of the socialist system through shock therapy, or should it use the institutions of the planned economy as market creators? With hindsight, the historical record proves the high stakes behind the question: China embarked on an economic expansion commonly described as unprecedented in scope and pace, whereas Russia’s economy collapsed under shock therapy. Based on extensive research, including interviews with key Chinese and international participants and World Bank officials as well as insights gleaned from unpublished documents, the book charts the debate that ultimately enabled China to follow a path to gradual reindustrialization. Beyond shedding light on the crossroads of the 1980s, it reveals the intellectual foundations of state-market relations in reform-era China through a longue durée lens. Overall, the book delivers an original perspective on China’s economic model and its continuing contestations from within and from without.

This book provides a systematic study of the challenges of aging in China and of the measures being taken, planned, and still needed to cope with the challenges. It highlights that the number of people aged 65 or above is growing and that the growth will accelerate—from 176 million people representing 12.6% of the population in 2019 to 310 million representing 22.3% of the population by 2035, and it also highlights that the aging comes at a time when China’s economy is not yet fully developed and not yet fully balanced. The book outlines how China has already established an elderly care system and is beginning to meet the needs of the elderly for economic security, social services, and so on; discusses the need for enhancing and considerably extending the existing system; and proposes reform ideas and key policy options.

This book examines China’s resource endowment and the country’s current exploitation and use of resources and analyzes the main challenges and potential opportunities facing the country. It then discusses how to improve the efficiency with which resources are used by taking a ‘full-life-cycle’ approach to resource use. After summing up the evolution of China’s policies and systems relating to resources and the environment, this book goes on to study how China’s participation in global resource allocation and global resource governance has progressed under its open-economy situation, as well as challenges facing that participation. Based on all these analysis, the report proposes two targets for managing the total quantities of two specific metrics. That is, it recommends aiming to reach peak consumption of resources and peak emission of pollutants by 2030. In addition, it makes a number of specific policy recommendations. The China Development Research Foundation (CDRF) is a public foundation initiated by the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC). Its mission is to advance good governance and public policy to promote economic development and social progress. The Foundation has approached its mandate in a number of ways, including support for evidence-based policy research, leadership training, high-level forums and symposiums to promote economic cooperation and development, and the promotion of responsible public policy. As China continues to move steadily ahead with policy reforms and investments for more inclusive development, the demands for research, transparent and accountable processes, and citizenship engagement are expanding. The Foundation is striving to meet these challenges and to coordinate policy research work which supports the work of government, civil society and enterprises in furthering equitable development in China.

This book discusses how the USA has launched a new cold war against China. Showing how this New Cold War can only be fully understood by analysing the long-run history of the East and the West, and the fundamental differences between the Old and the New Cold Wars, this book outlines how the New Cold War focuses on issues connected with China’s territorial integrity: Xinjiang, the South China Sea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the closely connected conflict over semiconductors. It analyses the way in which China has responded to US-led Western aggression by following the approach suggested by Confucius: instead of ‘returning aggression with kindness’ or ‘returning aggression with aggression’, China has ‘returned aggression with firmness’. The book argues that the United States’ effort to establish hegemony over Eurasia has failed and that, in the face of this reality, there is no choice for the USA other than to cooperate with China in order to resolve the existential issues facing the human species. Demonstrating how US-led aggression has been rendered ineffective, this book will be a valuable resource to students and scholars of international relations and politics, including those in both China and the USA.

The China Development Research Foundation is one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical underpinnings and policy details of economic reform were formulated. This book is the first of a series which makes available to an English-speaking audience the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Xue Muqiao held many key posts including Secretary General of the Finance and Economy Commission of the Government Administrative Council, Director-General of the National Bureau of Statistics and consultant of State Council Office for Restructuring the Economic Systems. His work included eliminating the serious inflation of the early years of the People’s Republic, participating in drafting and implementing the First and Second Five-year Plans, and establishing the initial statistics system and price management system. His great contribution was to the development of economic theories and practice following China’s economic reform.

Capitalist globalisation since the 1980s has produced immense benefits in terms of technical progress, poverty reduction and welfare improvement. However, it has been accompanied by profound contradictions, including ecological destruction, global warming, inequality, concentration of business power, and financial instability. Regulation of global political economy in the interests of the majority of the world’s population is essential if the human species is to avoid a Darwinian catastrophe. This book explores China’s rich history of regulating the market in the interests of the mass of the population. For over two thousand years the Chinese bureaucracy has sought pragmatically to find a Way in which to integrate the ‘invisible hand’ of market forces with the ‘visible hand’ of ethically guided government regulation. Instead of seeking confrontation with China, citizens and politicians in the West need to deepen their understanding of the contribution that China can make to globally sustainable development in the decades and centuries ahead.