Christian-Muslim Relations, a Bibliographical History Volume 13 (CMR 13) covering Western Europe in the period 1700-1800 is a further volume in a general history of relations between the two faiths from the 7th century to the early 20th century. It comprises a series of introductory essays and also the main body of detailed entries which treat all the works, surviving or lost, that have been recorded. These entries provide biographical details of the authors, descriptions and appraisals of the works themselves, and complete accounts of manuscripts, editions, translations and studies. The result of collaboration between numerous leading scholars, CMR 13, along with the other volumes in this series, is intended as a basic tool for research in Christian-Muslim relations. Section editors: Clinton Bennett, Luis F. Bernabé Pons, Jaco Beyers, Emanuele Colombo, Karoline Cook, Lejla Demiri, Martha Frederiks, David D. Grafton, Stanisław Grodź, Alan Guenther, Vincenzo Lavenia, Emma Gaze Loghin, Gordon Nickel, Claire Norton, Radu Păun, Reza Pourjavady, Douglas Pratt, Charles Ramsey, Peter Riddell, Umar Ryad, Mehdi Sajid, Cornelia Soldat, Karel Steenbrink, Ann Thomson, Carsten Walbiner.

Since medieval times, English literature has often demonized Muslims. The term ‘Islamophobia’ is recent, but the phenomenon is old. This survey of literature focusing on the modern period up to 1914 identifies negative ideas about Islam in novels and plays. Some works are iconic, some more obscure. However, the book highlights writers who challenged stereotypes and tended to see Muslims as equally capable of virtue and vice as Christians and others. The book deals with the role of the imagination in depicting others and how this serves authors’ agendas. The conclusion brings the book’s thesis into dialogue with the debate in the USA today between supporters of multiculturalism and its critics. Anyone interested in how stereotypes are formed, perpetuated and can be challenged will profit from this book. It is aimed at a non-specialist readership.

“Never before to my knowledge has the cross-fertilisation of Western and Islamic ideas been so encyclopedically documented as it is here. In reading Islam and the English Enlightenment, you will never see the relationship between Islam and the West in the same way again.” ROBERT F. SHEDI NGER Professor of Religion, Luther College “Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Shah’s Islam and the English Enlightenment is one of the most profoundly enlightening books I have read in years. Dr. Shah compellingly demonstrates that the thinkers of English Enlightenment were undeniably indebted to Islamic sciences and thought, and that the foundational principles of rationalist thought, scientific inquiry and religious toleration were deeply anchored in the Islamic tradition.” KHALED ABOU EL FADL Omar & Azmeralda Alfi Distinguished Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law “This is a book that anyone interested in stepping outside a Eurocentric view of the rise of the West and of the modern age must read.” MICHAEL A. GILLESPIE Professor of Political Science & Philosophy, Duke University “Dr. Shah convincingly demonstrates the central role that Islam played in shaping the values and ideas of the Enlightenment reformers such as John Locke and Isaac Newton who had helped to produce the modern world.” GERALD MACLEAN Emeritus Professor, University of Exeter

This volume chronicles Jesuit efforts to engage with Muslim populations in Christian Europe, such as the Moriscos, as well as the work of Jesuit missionaries in Muslim territory, such as Constantinople. It provides insights into the activities of the Society of Jesus along the eastern frontier of the Ottoman Empire, and tracks the careers of individual Jesuits such as Tomás de León and Antonio Possevino. These influential Jesuits devoted much of their lives to addressing the claims of Islam and the pressures applied on Christian Europe by Muslim polities. Some lesser-known Jesuits, such as the translator Ignazio Lomellini, are also profiled.

This book argues that the provenance of early modern and medieval objects from Islamic lands was largely forgotten until the "long" eighteenth century, when the first efforts were made to reconnect them with the historical contexts in which they were produced. For the first time, these Islamicate objects were read, studied and classified – and given a new place in history. Freed by scientific interest, they were used in new ways and found new homes, including in museums. More generally, the process of "rediscovery" opened up the prehistory of the discipline of Islamic art history and had a significant impact on conceptions of cultural boundaries, differences and identity. The book will be of interest to scholars working in the history of art, the art of the Islamic world, early modern history and art historiography.

Adriaan Reland (1676-1718), Arabist, Cartographer, Antiquarian and Scholar of Comparative Religion covers the intellectual achievements of a remarkable man: Adriaan Reland, professor of Oriental languages (1701) and Hebrew Antiquities (1713) at the University of Utrecht from 1701 to 1718. Although he never travelled beyond the borders of his home country, he had an astonishingly broad worldview. The contributions in this volume illuminate Reland’s many accomplishments and follow his scholarly trajectory as an Orientalist, a linguist, a cartographer, a poet, and a historian of comparative religions. Reland, although a devout Protestant, believed that religions should be examined objectively on their own terms with the help of reliable and authentic documents, which would dispel the prejudices of the past. Contributors: Lot Brouwer, Ulrich Groetsch,Toon van Hal, Jason Harris, Bart Jaski, Christian Lange, Richard van Leeuwen, Remke Kruk, Anna Pytlowany, Henk J. van Rinsum, Dirk Sacré, Arnoud Vrolijk, Tobias Winnerling and Jan Just Witkam

Despite its relevance to the subsequent development of Western Islamic studies, the intellectual contribution of early modern Catholicism is still an under-researched area. The aim of this volume is to fill this gap, offering a series of essays dealing with the study of the Qur’an and Arabic language in early modern Catholic Europe. Focusing on the circulation of manuscripts, translations and printed books, the essays highlight how Catholic Orientalism contributed to the birth and spread of Western Islamic studies, although sometimes it was still directed towards religious polemics. Among the protagonists of this period of Islamic studies, the volume will focus on Catholic priests, missionaries, religious orders (Jesuits, Franciscans, Carmelites) Eastern Christians, converts, and other prominent figures in the Catholic culture of the time. Special attention will be given to the work of Ludovico Marracci, author of a fundamental edition of the Arabic text and Latin translation of the Qur’an with an introduction, notes, refutations and religious and linguistic insights. The volume is of interest to an audience of specialists and non-specialists interested both in Islamic and Qur'anic studies and in the history of modern Catholicism, missions, and Orientalism

Both the curious and the believer alike find themselves pondering the same question: What is the Qur’an, and what is so special about the Qur’an that drives almost one-quarter of the world’s population to believe in it? The Qur’an is not what one would consider an easy read, whether talking about Arabic speaking peoples reading the Arabic Qur’an or non-Arabic speaking peoples reading translations of the text in other languages. Most people think that reading the Qur’an once or even several times readily enables them to understand what the Qur’an is saying. That surely would be true if one were a native Arabic speaker living in the space-time of the revelation fourteen hundred years ago. However, for us living in other space-time, the present author assures the reader that that is not the case. This book is part of a series. It is the first volume of “The Qur’anic Revelation: A Reformed Understanding”—published concurrently with the second and third volumes. In this book the author argues that the religion of Islam is an unacceptable representation of the Qur’anic revelation. Furthermore, that the religions based on God’s revealed scriptures, as we know them today, including but not limited to the religion of Islam, deviate from the essence of God’s revelations—mainly bringing Judaism and Christianity into the discussion. The author puts forward his own interpretation of the Qur’anic revelation and, in this volume, primarily addresses its inclusiveness aspect by exploring how the Qur’an understands both inclusiveness and religion. What Islam is the book talking about? Is it one Islam that around one-fourth of the world’s population follows? Are all of the commands in the Qur’an of eternal applicability? Did the Qur’an come with a new religion and how did the Qur’an define membership in the religion? What impact did the Qur’an have on the beliefs and practices of those who accepted the revelation from the peoples of previous scriptures in the space-time of the Prophet, yet as argued, who at the same time maintained their religious identities? This volume addresses these questions and a multitude of others. This book is self-contained. It does not require the reader to have previous knowledge in any of the topics discussed. The book discusses topics you do not find in your typical book about the Qur’an or Islam. It would interest those who want to learn about the Qur’an and its message. Among this group would be those searching for a reformed understanding of the Qur’an and how it applies today; those curious to learn how the Qur’anic message affects followers of the previous revealed scriptures; and those interested in monotheistic religions in general.

Christian-Muslim Relations, a Bibliographical History 21 (CMR 21), covering South-western Europe in the period 1800-1914, is a further volume in a general history of relations between the two faiths from the 7th century to the early 20th century. It comprises a series of introductory essays and the main body of detailed entries. These treat all the works, surviving or lost, that have been recorded. They provide biographical details of the authors, descriptions and assessments of the works themselves, and complete accounts of manuscripts, editions, translations and studies. The result of collaboration between numerous new and established scholars, CMR 21, along with the other volumes in this series, is intended as a fundamental tool for research in Christian-Muslim relations. Section Editors: Ines Aščerić-Todd, Clinton Bennett, Luis F. Bernabé Pons, Jaco Beyers, Emanuele Colombo, Lejla Demiri, Martha T. Frederiks, David D. Grafton, Stanisław Grodź, Alan M. Guenther, Vincenzo Lavenia, Arely Medina, Diego Melo Carrasco, Alain Messaoudi, Gordon Nickel, Claire Norton, Reza Pourjavady, Douglas Pratt, Charles Ramsey, Peter Riddell, Umar Ryad, Cornelia Soldat, Charles Tieszen, Carsten Walbiner, Catherina Wenzel.

This book is the third in a series that presents an attempt to understand the Qur’anic revelation—published concurrently with the first and second volumes. It continues on the work presented in the first two volumes of this series to propose a new interpretation of the Qur’anic revelation that is claimed to constitute a more accurate representation of the revelation. The first three volumes of this series argue that the religion of Islam or rather the numerous interpretations of Islam are unacceptable representations of the Qur’anic revelation. The proposed interpretation of the Qur’anic revelation challenges the standpoints of Traditional Islam on three key issues: inclusiveness, the sources of religious knowledge, and the composition of any acceptable Qur’anic-based interpretation of religion. Each of the first three volumes of this series is dedicated to one of these topics, respectively. In this book the stance of the proposed interpretation of the Qur’anic revelation on law is addressed. This position will prove to be of special significance particularly in the context of modernity—and the modern state. Furthermore, Islamic law and its relationship to the religion of Islam is explored. The proposed interpretation of the Qur’anic revelation does not see religion to be the source of law, but rather it sees religion to be a source of ethics. It sees that any acceptable interpretation of religion that is based on revealed scripture should have no law component. It rejects religious law altogether and calls for the implementation of secular law. In consequence, the proposed interpretation of the Qur’anic revelation would be redefining the role of religion and its domain of operation. What Islam is the book talking about? Is it one Islam that around one-quarter of the world’s population follows? Are all of the commands in the Qur’an of eternal applicability? What is Islamic law (commonly referred to as Shari’a)? Why study Islamic law and why is it important to study it? Is there only one Islamic law? How does Islamic law relate to Islam? Why does this book call for comprehensive religious reform and not religious law reform? These questions and a multitude of others are addressed in this volume of the series. This book is self-contained. It can be read as part of the series or independently. It does not require the reader to have previous knowledge in any of the topics discussed. The book discusses topics you do not find in your typical book about the Qur’an or Islam. It would interest those who want to learn about the Qur’an, its message, and Islamic law. Among this group would be those searching for a reformed understanding of the Qur’an and how it applies today; those interested to learn about Islamic law—what it is and what it is not; and those interested in monotheistic religions in general. This book will prove to be particularly useful to those seeking to understand the problems in the contemporary interpretations of Islam, and consequently how such problems reflect on the Muslim individual and societies in general. Keywords: Islam, Islamic law, eternal law, revealed scriptures, interpretations of scripture, theology, the Qur’an (Quran, Koran, al-Qur’an, el Coran, القران الكريم), Sunna, Hadith, Shari’a, Fiqh, monotheism, inclusiveness, secularism, philosophy of law, philosophy of religion, religious reform, religious law reform, Arab spring, comparative religion, philology, semantics.