This book explores how lighting systems based on LED sources have the ability to positively influence the human circadian system, with benefits for health and well-being. The opening chapters examine the functioning of the human circadian system, its response to artificial lighting, potential health impacts of different types of light exposure, and current researches in circadian photometry. A first case study analyzes the natural lighting available in an urban interior, concluding that it is unable to activate the human circadian system over the entire year. Important original research is then described in which systems suitable for artificial circadian lighting in residential interiors and offices were developed after testing of new design paradigms based on LED sources. Readers will also find a detailed analysis of the LED products available or under development globally that may contribute to optimal artificial circadian lighting, as well as the environmental sensors, control interfaces, and monitoring systems suitable for integration with new LED lighting systems. Finally, guidelines for circadian lighting design are proposed, with identification of key requirements.

This book explores the single components that commonly constitute luminaires for interiors, describing their operating principles, families, strengths and weaknesses. It opens with the product classification and main standard requirements. The following chapters describe the different components: light sources, power supplies, thermal dissipation techniques, control technologies, optical systems. The description focuses on the most recent technologies to allow the reader to consider a product design capable of confronting future lighting scenarios. The book provides a simple path addressed to all those who want to try their hand at designing luminaires for interiors, even without a specific engineering background.

LED Lighting is a self-contained and introductory-level book featuring a blend of theory and applications that thoroughly covers this important interdisciplinary area. Building on the underlying fields of optics, photonics, and vision science, it comprises four parts. PART I is devoted to fundamentals. The behavior of light is described in terms of rays, waves, and photons. Each of these approaches is best suited to a particular set of applications. The properties of blackbody radiation, thermal light, and incandescent light are derived and explained. The essentials of semiconductor physics are set forth, including the operation of junctions and heterojunctions, quantum wells and quantum dots, and organic and perovskite semiconductors. PART II deals with the generation of light in semiconductors, and details the operation and properties of III-V semiconductor devices (MQWLEDs and μLEDs), quantum-dot devices (QLEDs & WOLEDs), organic semiconductor devices (OLEDs, SMOLEDs, PLEDs, & WOLEDs), and perovskite devices (PeLEDs, PPeLEDs, QPeLEDs, & PeWLEDs). PART III focuses on vision and the perception of color, as well as on colorimetry. It delineates radiometric and photometric quantities as well as efficacy and efficiency measures. It relays the significance of metrics often encountered in LED lighting, including the color rendering index (CRI), color temperature (CT), correlated color temperature (CCT), and chromaticity diagram. PART IV is devoted to LED lighting, focusing on its history and salutary features, and on how this modern form of illumination is deployed. It describes the principal components used in LED lighting, including white phosphor-conversion LEDs, chip-on-board (COB) devices, color-mixing LEDs, hybrid devices, LED filaments, retrofit LED lamps, LED luminaires, and OLED light panels. It concludes with a discussion of smart lighting and connected lighting. Each chapter contains highlighted equations, color-coded figures, practical examples, and reading lists.

This book focuses on the environmental ergonomics of restaurant kitchens and the challenges related hereto in a semitropical city from a chef’s perspective. It establishes the urgent need for commercial kitchens to be conducive to the well-being of kitchen workers as heat illness is unreported in this industry. This research is relevant from an occupational health and safety point of view. It evaluates the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters such as heat, ventilation and humidity, noise and lighting in kitchens, cognisant that with different cuisines, the kitchen loads are different. The goals of occupational safety are health intervention for worker comfort to enhanced work performance. The book generates new knowledge regarding the factors affecting the body mass index of kitchen workers, prediction of heat and humidity near cooking stoves, discomfort near ovens, lighting in preparation areas and factors affecting reaction to stove noise. The book implements an exploratory design with multiple case studies.

This book explores how lighting systems based on LED sources have the ability to positively influence the human circadian system, with benefits for health and well-being. The opening chapters examine the functioning of the human circadian system, its response to artificial lighting, potential health impacts of different types of light exposure, and current standards in circadian photometry. A first case study analyzes the natural lighting available in an urban interior, concluding that it is unable to activate the human circadian system over the entire year. Important original research is then described in which systems suitable for artificial circadian lighting in residential interiors and offices were developed after testing of new design paradigms based on LED sources. Readers will also find a detailed analysis of the LED products available or under development globally that may contribute to optimal artificial circadian lighting, as well as the environmental sensors, control interfaces, and monitoring systems suitable for integration with new LED lighting systems. Finally, guidelines for circadian lighting design are proposed, with identification of key requirements.

The introduction of artificial lighting extends the time of wakefulness after dark and enables work at night, thus disturbing the human circadian rhythm. The understanding of the physiological mechanisms of visual and non-visual systems may be important for the development and use of proper light infrastructure and light interventions for different workplace settings, especially for shift work conditions. Visual and Non-Visual Effects of Light: Working Environment and Well-Being presents the impact of lighting in the working environment on human health, well-being and visual performance. The physiological explanation of the visual and non-visual effects of light on humans which discusses the biological bases of image and non-image forming vision at the cellular level may be of particular interest to any professional in the field of medicine, physiology, and biology. It is one of the intentions of this book to put forward some recommendations and examples of lighting design which take into account both the visual and non-visual effects of light on humans. These may be of particular interest to any professional in the field of lighting, occupational safety and health, and interior design. "What effects on health can a light ‘overdose’ or light deficiency have? What is bad light? The authors of the monograph provide answers to these questions. Just as for a physicist, the dual nature of light comprises an electromagnetic wave and a photon, the duality of light for a physician comprises visual and non-visual effects." --------------------------------------------------------Prof Jacek Przybylski, Medical University of Warsaw "This is a unique publication in the field of lighting technology. The authors have skillfully combined both the technical and biomedical aspects involved, which is unprecedented in the literature available. As a result, an important study has been created for many professional groups, with a significant impact on the assessment of risks associated with LED sources." --------------------------------------------Prof Andrzej Zając, Military University of Technology, Warsaw

The new challenges of our economic, social and ecologic global context require solutions that go beyond “business as usual” strategies. While Europe and North America have gone through a deep economic crisis, which has affected all aspects of life –especially housing and working conditions–, other areas of the world have continued to grow and develop. The changing global context has important implications o the ways human beings organize their settings for everyday life –their residential environments and communal services, in particular– and on the necessity for supporting transitions to sustainable societies. Table of Contents: 00 - Introduction: Sustainability and Ecological Transition in the Post-COVID Era: Challenges and Opportunities in the Face of Climate Change and Energy Transition Ricardo García-Mira, Petra Schweizer-Ries & Cristina García-Fontán 01 - Collaboration in Energy Transition Research and Practice in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond Julia Sollik, Katharina Kötter-Lange, Lara Brungs, Alena Schüren & Petra Schweizer-Ries 02 - Some Challenges in Urban Planning and Health Cristina García-Fontán 03 - Acceptability, Acceptance, and Adoption of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Technologies: Definitions and Their Technological, Contextual, and Personal Determinants Marino Bonaiuto, Federica Dessi & Silvia Ariccio 04 - Climate Change: Research, Policy and Health: A Psychological Perspective Ricardo García-Mira & Graciela Tonello 05 - Constraints on Community Participation in Sustainable Social Housing Upgrading Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic Janine Pößneck & Sigrun Kabisch 06 - Contributions from Lighting Research to Sustainability and COVID-19 Pandemic Graciela Tonello 07 - The Role of Smart and Sustainable Technologies in Supporting Elderly Independence in the Home Environment Hebatallah Ibrahim & Deniz Hasirci 08 - Research on the Ideal Form of Office Spaces as Workplaces for Teachers Kinuyo Shimizu & Kaname Yanagisawa 09 - Regeneration Strategies for an Ancient Temple of Northwest China Based on Rural Community Participation Xu Yubin, Li Bin & Li Hua 10 - Sustainable Lifestyles, Attitudes and Adaptation Motivations to Engage in Sustainable and Conscious Food Consumption. Advances from Multidisciplinary Empirical Research on Collective Forms of Consumption Isabel Lema-Blanco, Ricardo García-Mira & Jesús-Miguel Muñoz-Cantero 11 - A Comprehensive Model of Stressors and Adaptation on Shift Workers' Daily Work Life: Consequences for Sustainable Lifestyles Amelia Fraga-Mosquera & Ricardo García-Mira 12 - Applied Social Science Research for Housing Upgrading in Times of a Pandemic Doris C. C. K. Kowaltowski, Elisa A. D. Muianga, Marcelle Engler Bridi, Luciana Szymanski, Cynthia Nunes de Almeida Prado, Vanessa G. da Silva, Daniel de Carvalho Moreira, Ariovaldo D. Granja, Regina Coeli Ruschel, Douglas Lopes de Souza & Carolina Asensio Oliva 13 - The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Environmental Attitudes Cristina Gómez-Román, Marcos Dono, Sergio Vila-Tojo & José Manuel Sabucedo 14 - Citizen’s Climate Responsibility and Human Values in the European Union Fernando Bruna 15 - Developing COVID-19 Safety Solutions at a Crowded Area in Kolkata Aratrika De & Woojeong Chon 16 - Understanding Spatial Affordance Through the Evaluation of Urban Space Quality Experienced by Users Under Weather Variations: The Case of Rooftop Gardens in Central Tokyo Yem-Khang, Nguyen Tran & Ryo Murata 17 - Towards a Dual Residential Scenario and the Disappearance of the Intermediate Situations Luciano G. Alfaya, Patricia Muñíz & Alberto Rodríguez-Barcón 18 - Ecological Momentary Assessment of Thought Valence in Greenspace and Indoor Environments Thomas R. Brooks & Rosol Alftealh 19 - The Anthropocene New Challenges Cintia Okamura & Jacques Lolive 20 - The Subtleties of the Anthropocene: From Overarching Narratives to the Construction of Alternative Futures Robin Dianoux 21 - Natural Economy Xosé Gabriel-Vázquez

The essential how-to guide to designing and building LED systems, revised and updated The second edition of Practical Lighting Design with LEDs has been revised and updated to provide the most current information for developing light-emitting diodes products. The authors, noted authorities in the field, offer a review of the most relevant topics including optical performance, materials, thermal design and modeling and measurement. Comprehensive in scope, the text covers all the information needed to design LEDs into end products. The user-friendly text also contains numerous drawings and schematics that show how things such as measurements are actually made, and show how circuits actually work. Designed to be practical, the text includes myriad notes and illustrative examples that give pointers and how-to guides on many of the book's topics. In addition, the book’s equations are used only for practical calculations, and are kept at the level of high-school algebra. This thoroughly expanded second edition offers: New chapters on the design of an LED flashlight, USB light, automotive taillight, and LED light bulbs A practical and user-friendly guide with dozens of new illustrations The nitty-gritty, day-to-day engineering and systems used to design and build complete LED systems An essential resource on the cutting-edge technology of Light-Emitting Diodes Practical Lighting Design with LEDs helps engineers and managers meet the demand for the surge in usage for products using light-emitting diodes with a practical guide that takes them through the relevant fields of light, electronic and thermal design.

Cognitive Informatics, Computer Modelling, and Cognitive Science: Theory, Case Studies, and Applications presents the theoretical background and history of cognitive science to help readers understand its foundations, philosophical and psychological aspects, and applications in a wide range of engineering and computer science case studies. Cognitive science, a cognitive model of the brain, knowledge representation, and information processing in the human brain are discussed, as is the theory of consciousness, neuroscience, intelligence, decision-making, mind and behavior analysis, and the various ways cognitive computing is used for information manipulation, processing and decision-making. Mathematical and computational models, structures and processes of the human brain are also covered, along with advances in machine learning, artificial intelligence, cognitive knowledge base, deep learning, cognitive image processing and suitable data analytics. - Identifies how foundational theories and concepts in cognitive science are applicable in other fields - Includes a comprehensive review of cognitive science applications in multiple domains, applying it to neural engineering, robotics, computer science and STEM - Includes models of brain processing, consciousness, decision-making, and more - Provides in-depth technical coverage of cognitive informatics and computing, including coverage of cognitive knowledge base, information theory, cognitive machine learning and intelligence