With his keen analytical mind and penchant for organization, Charles Darwin would have made an excellent clinical investigator. Unfortunately for surgery, his early exposure at Edinburgh to the brutality of operations in 1825 convinced him to reject his father’s plan for his career and pursue his interest in nature. His subsequent observations of how environmental pressures shaped the development of new species provided the essential mechanism to explain evolution and the disappearance of those species that failed to adapt. Today, surgeons face the same reality as new technology, progressive regulation by government and payers, medico-legal risks, and public demands for proof of performance force changes in behavior that our predecessors never imagined. We know that surgeons have always prided themselves on accurate documentation of their results, including their complications and deaths, but observational studies involving a single surgeon or institution have given way to demands for controlled interventional trials despite the inherent difficulty of studying surgical patients by randomized, blinded techniques. That is why this book is so timely and important. In a logical and comprehensive approach, the authors have assembled a group of experienced clinical scientists who can demonstrate the rich variety of techniques in epidemiology and statistics for reviewing existing publications, structuring a clinical study, and analyzing the resulting data.

The main aim of this book is to offer an easy tool to read a scientific article with greater awareness, to understand and evaluate it more thoroughly, and to better plan research. Today, in the era of evidence-based medicine, both research and daily patient-focused clinical practice are no longer possible without a thorough knowledge of the literature and its continuous updates. Written by surgeons for surgeons, this practical book makes the basic concept of statistics and research methodology easy to understand and apply for young surgeons and researchers, students and residents.

This extensively revised second edition is a unique and portable handbook focusing on clinical trials in surgery. It includes new educational materials addressing the rapid evolution of novel research methodologies in basic science, clinical and educational research. The underlying principles of clinical trials, trial design, the development of a study cohort, statistics, data safety, data monitoring, and trial publication for device and drug trials are also discussed. Clinical Trials provides a comprehensive resource on clinical trials in surgery and describes all the stages of a clinical trial from generating a hypothesis through to trial publication and is a valuable resource for all practicing and trainee academic surgeons.

Clinical Trials Comprehensive resource presenting methods essential in planning, designing, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting clinical trials The Fourth Edition of Clinical Trials builds on the text’s reputation as a straightforward, detailed, and authoritative presentation of quantitative methods for clinical trials, discussing principles of design for various types of clinical trials and elements of planning the experiment, assembling a study cohort, assessing data, and reporting results. Each chapter contains an introduction and summary to reinforce key points. Discussion questions stimulate critical thinking and help readers understand how they can apply their newfound knowledge. Written by a highly qualified author with significant experience in the field, the Fourth Edition of Clinical Trials approaches the topic with: Problems that may arise during a trial, and accompanying common sense solutions Design alternatives for addressing many questions in therapeutic development Statistical principles with new and provocative topics, such as generalizing results, operating characteristics, trial issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, and more Alternative medicine, ethics, middle development, comparative studies, adaptive designs, and clinical trials using point of care data Revamped exercise sets, updated and extensive references, new material on endpoints and the developmental pipeline, and revisions of numerous sections, tables, and figures Standing out due to its accessible and broad coverage of statistical design methods which are the building blocks of clinical trials and medical research, Clinical Trials is an essential learning aid on the subject for undergraduate and graduate clinical trials courses.

Issues in Surgical Research, Techniques, and Innovation: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Surgical Infections. The editors have built Issues in Surgical Research, Techniques, and Innovation: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Surgical Infections in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Surgical Research, Techniques, and Innovation: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

This unique guide is designed to facilitate the complex task of getting a paper published in an orthopaedics journal. The editors have enlisted expert orthopaedic surgeons from prestigious academic institutions, who share essential advice on how to set up and write on your research. The book addresses fraud issues, the correct use of English and editing, how to develop a sound research methodology, and editors’ and reviewers’ expectations, along with the main reasons for rejection. The future of the Impact Factor, altmetrics and Open Access journals are also discussed, and will be of special interest to young faculty who are starting their research career. The chapters are structured in a reproducible and easy-to-follow format. In addition, the editors offer tips and tricks for non-native speakers writing in English. As such, the book provides an accessible and comprehensive resource for all those seeking guidance on how to publish their research work in the field of orthopaedics.

This issue of Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, guest edited by Dr. Elin R. Sigurdson, is devoted to Clinical Trials in Surgical Oncology. Dr. Sigurdson has assembled expert authors to review the following topics: Commentary on Randomized Controlled Trials; Randomized Clinical Trials in Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Randomized Clinical Trials in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Randomized Clinical Trials in Melanoma; Randomized Clinical Trials in Breast Cancer; Randomized Clinical Trials in Gastroesophageal Carcinoma; Randomized Clinical Trials in Hepatocellular Carcinoma; An Update on Randomized Clinical Trials in Advanced and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma; Randomized Clinical Trials in Colon and Rectal Cancer; Randomized Clinical Trials in Anal Cancers; The Elderly in Randomized Clinical Trials; Hereditary Syndromes in Clinical Trials; Future Clinical Trials: Genetically Driven Trials; Randomized Clinical Trials in Neuroendocrine Tumors, and more!

Surgical oncology is now a recognized specialty in the US and several European countries, and cancer surgery takes up a significant part of any general surgeon’s workload. This thoroughly updated second edition of this bestseller is officially endorsed as a textbook for the syllabus and curriculum of the UEMS examination in Surgical Oncology, which is administered by ESSO (European Society for Surgical Oncology). The examination is for trainees at the end of training or established consultants seeking to expand their accreditation.

A unique reference manual for academic surgeons, this book discusses every facet of surgical research. From getting grant money to choosing a topic, reviewing the literature, planning and conducting research, and reporting results.