In this Volume, containing 24 chapters devoted to carbon attached by single bonds to two heteroatoms, the reader will find several chapters reviewing the synthesis of familiar functional groups, notably acetals, dithioacetals, aminals and the various mixed species. The derivatives with tetracoordinated (saturated) carbon are described in Part I and those, eg. ketene acetals, of tricoordinated carbon in Part II. However, the treatment is comprehensive and the authors have uncovered much fascinating chemistry concerning less familiar groups, including some like geminal halohydrins, halo amines and diols that are often unstable. Again, a surprisingly large number of compounds having two metals attached to the same carbon have been located in the literature, and the abundance of phosphorus derivatives, eg. those with geminal nitrogen functions, reflects their importance as biologically active species and as intermediates in synthesis. Part III consists of a single, short chapter describing dicoordinate carbon (carbenes) and examples of carbon cations, anions and radicals. Here the treatment is deliberately selective since throughout the work as a whole emphasis is placed on the synthesis of isolable species rather than the transient intermediates of organic reactions.

Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations II (COFGT-II) will provide the first point of entry to the literature for all scientists interested in chemical transformations. Presenting the vast subject of organic synthesis in terms of the introduction and interconversion of all known functional groups, COFGT-II provides a unique information source documenting all methods of efficiently performing a particular transformation. Organised by the functional group formed, COFGT-II consists of 144 specialist reviews, written by leading scientists who evaluate and summarise the methods available for each functional group transformation. Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. By systematically treating each functional group in turn the work also identifies what is not known, thus pointing the way to new research areas Follows the systematic layout of the successful 1995 COFGT reference work, based on the arrangement and bonding of hetero-atoms around a central carbon atom The work will save researchers valuable time in their research as each chapter is written by experts who have critically read and reviewed the literature and presented the best methods of forming every known functional group

Ion Exchange Membranes A comprehensive introduction to the electro-membrane technologies of the future An ion exchange membrane is a polymer-based membrane which can be permeable by some ions in a solution while blocking others, making them ideal for processes such as water desalination, salt concentration control, clean production and—given their electrical conductivity—power generation and energy storage etc. Recent advances have given rise to new electro-membrane processes that promise drastically to expand the applications of this technology. Scientists in both research and industry will increasingly need to draw on these membranes in vital ways with strongly positive potential environmental impact. Ion Exchange Membranes summarizes recent research into these membranes and electro-membrane processes before moving to an overview of the historical background. It then attends in detail to cutting-edge fabrication technologies and the most recent areas of use. The result is a comprehensive introduction to the design, fabrication, and applications of these increasingly essential membranes. Ion Exchange Membranes readers will also find: In-depth treatment of industrial-scale applications Detailed discussion of topics including side-chain engineering, polyacylation, superacid-catalyst polymerization, and more Analysis of electro-membrane processes such as alkaline membrane water electrolysis, solar-driven water splitting, and many more Ion Exchange Membranes is ideal for membrane scientists, materials scientists, inorganic chemists, polymer chemists, and researchers and engineers in a variety of fields working with ion exchange membranes and electro-membrane processes.

Homogeneous Carbonylation and Hydroformylation Reactions with Homogeneous Catalysts and Process Development, a volume is in the Advances in Catalysis series, is split into two sections. The first covers the homogeneous carbonylation of various chemicals, such as methanol, methyl acetate, esters and ethers. In addition, some common carbonylation homogeneous processes such as water-gas shift and Fischer–Tropsch reactions are included. The second part describes hydroformylation processes like cobalt and rhodium based reactions. Both parts cover the design of catalytic reactors, industrial applications, economic assessment and environmental impacts providing detailed discussions of the subject from both a chemistry and engineering perspective. - Includes fundamentals, reactor design, and process description of carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactions - Describes various carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactions - Explains carbonylation and hydroformylation economic and environmental challenges